Formation Characteristics of Aerosol Particles from Pulverized Coal Pyrolysis in High-Temperature Environments

A state-of-the-art review of biomass torrefaction, densification and applications

“…In this process the fuel experiences rapid heating (the heating rate is around 10 5 K s À 1 ), devolatilization, gas phase combustion and char combustion and gasification [145]. Drop tube furnaces (DTFs) are the most commonly used devices [149,150] to simulate coal particle reactions when the particles are injected into the blast furnace. This arises from the fact that the furnaces can be utilized to evaluate the combustion performance of pulverized coal in an environment with high heating rate.…”

Thermodynamic analysis of the partial oxidation of coke oven gas for indirect reduction of iron oxides in a blast furnace

“…This carbon can then be used for iron oxide reduction in a BF through direct reduction. However, if the amount of carbon soot in the BF is excessive then this may cause lower gas permeability in the hearth, excessive coke erosion, and furnace instability [12,34]. Consequently, while COG is directly utilized in a BF for iron oxide reduction, the suppression of carbon formation might be helpful to the operation of the furnace.…”

Advancing catalytic fast pyrolysis through integrated multiscale modeling and experimentation: Challenges, progress, and perspectives

“…ZSM‐5 deactivates rapidly because of coke accumulation on its exterior surface, which caps the micropores and prevents material from accessing the internal active sites (Mukarakate et al, ). This deactivation process is accelerated by the deposition oligomers found in aerosols that are formed during biomass pyrolysis (Chen, Du, Yang, & Wu, ; Garcia‐Perez et al, ; Montoya et al, ; Stankovikj, McDonald, Helms, & Garcia‐Perez, ; Teixeira et al, ; Zhou et al, ). In order to reduce the impact of rapid deactivation due to coking, ZSM‐5 catalysts are employed in riser reactors, which use large quantities of catalyst with relatively short residence times and employ in‐line catalyst regeneration.…”

“…Shown here is the diffusion of benzene-an important upgraded product-in the micro-(b) and meso-(c) pores of H-ZSM5. These quantitative insights are indispensable for the determination of kinetics and transport behavior for mesoscale models biomass pyrolysis (Chen, Du, Yang, & Wu, 2008;Garcia-Perez et al, 2008;Montoya et al, 2016;Stankovikj, McDonald, Helms, & Garcia-Perez, 2016;Teixeira et al, 2011;Zhou et al, 2013). In order to reduce the impact of rapid deactivation due to coking, ZSM-5 catalysts are employed in riser reactors, which use large quantities of catalyst with relatively short residence times and employ in-line catalyst regeneration.…”