Formation and stability of singly and doubly charged MgAr  clusters

Velegrakis, Michalis; Lüder, Ch.

doi:10.1016/0009-2614(94)00415-3

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…A con fined atom is sub jected to a quan tum pres sure which dif fers in na ture from the ki netic pres sure al luded to above. As noted in the In tro duc tion, nu mer ous ex am ples of quan tum con fine ment ex ist, for in stance endohedral at oms in metallofullerenes, 36,37,38 at oms con fined in zeolites, 39 at oms in sol ids treated through the Wat son sphere, 40,41 at oms in bubbles, 42 in quan tum dots, 43 in clus ters, 44 in super dense or compressed mat ter, 45 in the re vers ible lithiation of sol ids, 46 etc. From a purely for mal point of view, we can also con sider a fic ti tious atom of non-integral nu clear charge as an ex am ple of spher i cal com pres sion.…”

Section: Gen Er Ali Sa Tion Of the Quan Tum Pres Surementioning

confidence: 85%

Confined Atoms in Clusters Bubbles Dots and Fullerenes

Connerade

Kengkan

Semaoune

2001

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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We present a brief review of the subject of confined atoms, in which we emphasise the origins of the subject and its most recent applications. Emphasis is placed on the wide variety of situations to which the idealised quantum mechanical treatment is relevant. Both the nonrelativistic and relativistic methods are contrasted; an example of confinement in the Dirac‐Fock scheme is given and some special problems connected with relativistic confinement are mentioned. Finally, we present a discussion of the quantum pressure, and a novel, dimensionless choice of variables which allows universal atomic behaviour for confined atoms to be visualised.

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Section: Gen Er Ali Sa Tion Of the Quan Tum Pres Surementioning

confidence: 85%

Confined Atoms in Clusters Bubbles Dots and Fullerenes

Connerade

Kengkan

Semaoune

2001

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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“…7 Reported here are the results of a series of experiments and calculations undertaken on complexes of the form ͓M•Ar n ͔ 2ϩ where M is either copper, silver, or gold and n ranges from 1-8. 13 However, unlike the group 11 metals, ͓Mg•Ar n ͔ 2ϩ clusters are kinetically stable in that the second IE of Mg at 15.07 eV is lower than that of an argon atom. In cases where the M͑II͒ state of either of these metals is associated with a polyatomic, [8][9][10][11][12] such as pyridine, it has been observed that two or more molecules are frequently required to form a stable complex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unexpected stability of [Cu⋅Ar]2+, [Ag⋅Ar]2+, [Au⋅Ar]2+, and their larger clusters

Walker

Wright

Barran

et al. 2001

The Journal of Chemical Physics

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Articles you may be interested inPhonons, nature of bonding, and their relation to anomalous thermal expansion behavior of M2O (M = Au, Ag, Cu) J. Appl. Phys. 115, 093507 (2014); 10.1063/1.4867437 Interaction between coinage metal cations M(II) and Xe: CCSD(T) study of MXen 2+(M = Cu, Ag, and Au, n = 1-6) J. Chem. Phys. 137, 124301 (2012); 10.1063/1.4750475Theoretical study of the X Σ 2 + states of the neutral CM-RG complexes ( CM = coinage metal, Cu, Ag, and Au and RG = rare gas, He-Rn)Structures of mixed gold-silver cluster cations ( Ag m Au n + ,m+n Ion mobility measurements and densityfunctional calculations Experimental observations following the ionization of neutral group 11 metal/argon complexes have revealed the presence of doubly charged ions of the form ͓M•Ar n ͔ 2ϩ for n in the range 1-6. Of particular interest are two features of the results. First, the unexpected stability of the dimer ions, ͓M•Ar͔ 2ϩ , since similar species involving a molecule rather than a rare gas atom are often unstable with respect to charge transfer. Ab initio calculations show the dimers owe their stability to a combination of a strong electrostatic interaction and the high ionization energy of argon. A second feature to the results is the high relative intensities of the ͓M•Ar 4 ͔ 2ϩ and ͓M•Ar 6 ͔ 2ϩ ions. Calculations show these complexes to consist of square-planar D 4h structures, with the additional two atoms in ͓M•Ar 6 ͔ 2ϩ occupying axial sites, which are Jahn-Teller distorted. The calculated relative binding energies support the preferential stability of these two structures.

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“…Diatomic, doubly charged ions (MAr 2+ ) of alkaline earth metal ions (M) and argon were predicted to be stable already several decades ago . To our knowledge, only MgAr 2+ CaAr 2+ and BaAr 2+ have been observed experimentally. Their occurrences were previously however only reported in individual experiments using electron impact, laser ablation cluster ion sources or using electrospray ionization.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometric Observation of Doubly Charged Alkaline‐Earth Argon Ions

et al. 2016

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Doubly charged diatomic ions MAr(2+) where M=Mg, Ca, Sr or Ba have been observed by mass spectrometry with an inductively coupled plasma ion source. Abundance ratios are quite high, 0.1 % for MgAr(2+) , 0.4 % for CaAr(2+) , 0.2 % for SrAr(2+) and 0.1 % for BaAr(2+) relative to the corresponding doubly charged atomic ions M(2+) . It is assumed that these molecular ions are formed through reactions of the doubly charged metal ions with neutral argon atoms within the ion source. Bond dissociation energies (D0 ) were calculated and agree well with previously published values. The abundance ratios MAr(+) /M(+) and MAr(2+) /M(2+) generally follow the predicted bond dissociation energies with the exception of MgAr(2+) . Mg(2+) should form the strongest bond with Ar [D0 (MgAr(2+) )=124 to 130 kJ mol(-1) ] but its relative abundance is similar to that of the weakest bound BaAr(2+) (D0 =34 to 42 kJ mol(-1) ). The relative abundances of the various MAr(2+) ions are higher than those expected from an argon plasma at T=6000 K, indicating that collisions during ion extraction reduce the abundance of the MAr(2+) ions relative to the composition in the source. The corresponding singly charged MAr(+) ions are also observed but occur at about three orders of magnitude lower intensity than MAr(2+) .

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Formation and stability of singly and doubly charged MgAr clusters

Cited by 42 publications

References 12 publications

Confined Atoms in Clusters Bubbles Dots and Fullerenes

Confined Atoms in Clusters Bubbles Dots and Fullerenes

Unexpected stability of [Cu⋅Ar]2+, [Ag⋅Ar]2+, [Au⋅Ar]2+, and their larger clusters

Mass Spectrometric Observation of Doubly Charged Alkaline‐Earth Argon Ions

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