Formation and Stability of G‐Quadruplexes Self‐Assembled from Guanine‐Rich Strands

Zhou, Jiang; Yuan, Gu; Liu, Junjun; Chen, Zhan

doi:10.1002/chem.200600424

Cited by 36 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…All samples were stored at 4 °C for 4 days after melting and cooling, and then analyzed by ESI‐MS and UV spectrophotometer, respectively. In agreement with previous reports, all of the G‐strands produced predominant tetramolecular ions associated with three or four NH 4 + in neutral solution, indicative of the formation of the G‐quadruplexes (Figure S1a, b and c, Supporting Information). In comparison, bimolecular, trimolecular and tetramolecular ions of C‐strands coexisted in mass spectra, suggesting the generations of the i‐motifs and their intermediates under acidic conditions (Figure S2a, b, c and d).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…al demonstrated that the strands d(TG 4 T), d(AG 4 A) and d(CG 4 C) tended to self‐associate when they were mixed together. They attributed it to obvious difference of the free energies among self‐assembled and hybridized G‐quadruplexes . We have recently noticed that the stabilities of tetramolecular i‐motifs are also influenced by terminal bases .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural varieties of selectively mixed G- and C-rich short DNA sequences studied with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Cao

Gao

et al. 2016

J. Mass Spectrom.

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Short guanine(G)-repeat and cytosine(C)-repeat DNA strands can self-assemble to form four-stranded G-quadruplexes and i-motifs, respectively. Herein, G-rich and C-rich strands with non-G or non-C terminal bases and different lengths of G- or C-repeats are mixed selectively in pH 4.5 and 6.7 ammonium acetate buffer solutions and studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Various strand associations corresponding to bi-, tri- and tetramolecular ions are observed in mass spectra, indicating that the formation of quadruplex structures is a random strand by strand association process. However, with increasing incubation time for the mixtures, initially associated hybrid tetramers will transform into self-assembled conformations, which is mainly driven by the structural stability. The melting temperature values of self-assembled quadruplexes suggest that the length of G-repeats or C-repeats shows more significant effect on the stability of quadruplex structures than that of terminal residues. Accordingly, we can obtain the self-associated tetrameric species generated from the mixtures of various homologous G- or C-strands efficiently by altering the length of G- or C-repeats. Our studies demonstrate that ESI-MS is a very direct, fast and sensitive tool to provide significant information on DNA strand associations and stoichiometric transitions, particularly for complex mixtures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural varieties of selectively mixed G- and C-rich short DNA sequences studied with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Cao

Gao

et al. 2016

J. Mass Spectrom.

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“…Oxidation ability of different G4/hemin complexes : G4‐forming sequences widely exist in the human genome 13. The evidence for the presence of G4 motifs in vivo is accumulating, with reports finding them in c‐myc,14 VEGF,15 c‐Kit,16 HIF‐1α,17 RET,18 and Bcl‐219 gene promoters, as well as in telomeres 20. In our previous work, we have demonstrated that intramolecular parallel G4s have the strongest oxidation activity on 2,2′‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonate (ABTS) when they are complexed with hemin in the presence of H 2 O 2 ;8a similar phenomena have also been observed by other laboratories 21.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of G‐Quadruplex/Hemin Peroxidase: Substrate Specificity and Inactivation Kinetics

Xiao

Fang

Mei

et al. 2011

Chemistry A European J

100

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Recently, G-quadruplex/hemin (G4/hemin) complexes have been found to exhibit peroxidase activity, and this feature has been extensively exploited for colorimetric detection of various targets. To further understand and characterize this important DNAzyme, its substrate specificity, inactivation mechanism, and kinetics have been examined by comparison with horseradish peroxidase (HRP). G4/hemin DNAzyme exhibits broader substrate specificity and much higher inactivation rate than HRP because of the exposure of the catalytic hemin center. The inactivation of G4/hemin DNAzyme is mainly attributed to the degradation of hemin by H(2)O(2) rather than the destruction of G4. Both the inactivation rate and catalytic oxidation rate of G4/hemin DNAzyme depend on the concentration of H(2)O(2), which suggests that active intermediates formed by G4/hemin and H(2)O(2) are the branch point of catalysis and inactivation. Reducing substrates greatly inhibit the inactivation of G4/hemin DNAzyme by rapidly reacting with the active intermediates. A possible catalytic and inactivation process of G4/hemin has been proposed. These results imply a potential cause for the hemin-mediated cellular injury and provide insightful information for the future application of G4/hemin DNAzyme.

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“…Since then the technique has been a useful tool in structural studies of G-quadruplexes, including strand stoichiometry (Joly et al, 2012;Borbone et al, 2011;Cui and Yuan, 2011;Rosu et al, 2002 andZhou et al, 2007), quadruplex-ligand interactions Li et al, 2008;Gabelica et al, 2007), structural transitions Amato et al, 2009 andLi et al, 2009), the kinetics of structure formation (Rosu et al, 2010;Gabelica et al, 2009) and many others (for a review, see Yuan et al, 2011).…”

Section: Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (Esi-ms)mentioning

confidence: 99%

How to study G-quadruplex structures

Małgowska¹,

Gudanis²,

Teubert³

et al. 2012

bta

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All guanine-rich DNA and RNA molecules tend to fold into inter-and intra-molecular structures called G-quadruplexes. The core of a G-quadruplex is composed of at least two adjacent G-tetrads stabilized by monovalent cations. While it has been suggested that there could potentially be over 375 000 quadruplex forming sequences in the human genome alone, only a small number of three-dimensional G-quadruplex structures are known. More structural data are needed to explain their presence and function in vivo. We offer here a short review of experimental methods commonly used to determine G-quadruplex topologies.

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Formation and Stability of G‐Quadruplexes Self‐Assembled from Guanine‐Rich Strands

Cited by 36 publications

References 21 publications

Structural varieties of selectively mixed G- and C-rich short DNA sequences studied with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Structural varieties of selectively mixed G- and C-rich short DNA sequences studied with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

Characterization of G‐Quadruplex/Hemin Peroxidase: Substrate Specificity and Inactivation Kinetics

How to study G-quadruplex structures

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