Formation and signature of quark matter in relativistic ion collisions

Cleymans, J.; Dechantsreiter, M.; Halzen, F.

doi:10.1007/bf01571901

Cited by 24 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…Such a dependence might be tested in heavy-ion collisions at high energy. In fact, the existence of a critical temperature and chemical potentials may already be suggested by certain high-energy cosmic-ray events [2] and it might be indirectly tested at future accelerators for heavy ions [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral phases of QCD at finite density and temperature

et al. 1994

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Chiral transitions in QCD at finite temperature and density are discussed within a composite operator formalism. For massless quarks the phase diagram in temperature and chemical potentials presents a tricritical point at the intersection of the critical line for first-order phase transitions and second-order transitions. The overall picture is not sensibly affected by small quark masses, except that the quark condensate no longer vanishes for large temperatures and/or chemical potentials, and for first-order transitions it remains discontinuous only for small quark mass values. Such effects are discussed by ClausiusClapeyron-like relations. The Landau expansion is used around the tricritical point and for secondorder transitions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chiral phases of QCD at finite density and temperature

et al. 1994

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“…Besides the early universe, the conditions of extremely high temperature and density necessary for the appearance of unconfined quark and gluons could occur in at least two other physical phenomena: (i) the interiors of neutron stars [28][29][30][31][32][33][34] and (ii) high-energy nucleusnucleus collisions, whether artificially produced at accelerators or naturally occurring interactions of cosmic rays with particles in the Earth's atmosphere [35][36][37][38]. We estimate the energy density in nucleus-nucleus collisions of cosmic rays following [26].…”

Section: Fireball Phenomenologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Strange fireball as an explanation of the muon excess in Auger data

2017

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We argue that ultrahigh energy cosmic ray collisions in the Earth's atmosphere can probe the strange quark density of the nucleon. These collisions have center-of-mass energies 10 4.6 A GeV, where A ≥ 14 is the nuclear baryon number. We hypothesize the formation of a deconfined thermal fireball which undergoes a sudden hadronization. At production the fireball has a very high matter density and consists of gluons and two flavors of light quarks (u, d). Because the fireball is formed in the baryon-rich projectile fragmentation region, the high baryochemical potential damps the production of uū and dd pairs, resulting in gluon fragmentation mainly into ss. The strange quarks then become much more abundant and upon hadronization the relative density of strange hadrons is significantly enhanced over that resulting from a hadron gas. Assuming the momentum distribution functions can be approximated by Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics, we estimate a kaon-to-pion ratio of about 3 and expect a similar (total) baryon-to-pion ratio. We show that, if this were the case, the excess of strange hadrons would suppress the fraction of energy which is transferred to decaying π 0 's by about 20%, yielding a ∼ 40% enhancement of the muon content in atmospheric cascades, in agreement with recent data reported by the Pierre Auger Collaboration.

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“…There have been many suggestions. Metastable droplets of quark-gluon matter might produce long-lived droplets of dense matter (Lee and Wick, 1974;Bjorken and McLerran, 1979;Kerman and Chin, 1979;Lattes, Fujimoto, and Hasegawa, 1980;Mann and Primakoff, 1980;Liu, 1982a, 1982b;Cleymans, Dechantsreiter, and Halzen, 1983;Klosinski, 1983;Witten, 1984) or might be short-lived and detonate explosively (van Hove, 1983(van Hove, , 1985Gyulassy, Kajantie, Kurkki-Suonio, and McLerran, 1984;Bialas and Peschanski, 1985). Large-scale density fluctuations, like steam bubbles in boiling water, might form as the matter nonexplosively cools, or as the plasma is formed from hadronic matter (van Hove, 1983;Gyulassy, Kajantie, Kurkki-Suonio, and McLerran, 1984).…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The physics of the quark-gluon plasma

1986

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This paper is based on a series of eleven lectures that were presented at a workshop on The Physics of the Quark-Gluon Plasma held at Hua-Zhong Normal University in Wuhan, People's Republic of China, inSeptember 1983. The lectures were updated for publication in November 1985. They cover perturbation theory of the plasma at high temperature, as well as the nonperturbative methods and results of lattice gauge theory computations. Physical models of the conflnement-deconfinement phase transition and the modes of chiral symmetry breaking are presented. The possibility that a quark-gluon plasma might be produced in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions is briefly discussed in the introductory lecture.

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Formation and signature of quark matter in relativistic ion collisions

Cited by 24 publications

References 38 publications

Chiral phases of QCD at finite density and temperature

Chiral phases of QCD at finite density and temperature

Strange fireball as an explanation of the muon excess in Auger data

The physics of the quark-gluon plasma

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