Formation and resealing of pores of controlled sizes in human erythrocyte membrane

Kinosita, Kazuhiko; Tsong, Tian Yow

doi:10.1038/268438a0

Cited by 459 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This last method has already been used to give direct access into the cytosol for ions, small molecules, including carbohydrates such as sucrose (Kinosita and Tsong, 1978), exogenous drugs and macromolecules (Tsong, 1987;Orlowski and Mir, 1993). Both procedures present advantages and drawbacks : the incubation protocol is easy to apply but differential uptakes and metabolism of the provided sugars can occur during these long-term experiments, the electropulsation protocol allows the effects of the sugar under experiment to be detected more directly but induces, in our case, extensive damage to the cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Specific Carbohydrates into Eucalyptus gunnii Cells Increases their Freezing Tolerance

Leborgne

Teulières

Travert

et al. 1995

European Journal of Biochemistry

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The comparison of soluble sugar content in various cell lines of Eucalyptus gunnii exhibiting different freezing resistances revealed that the most resistant cell line contained the highest soluble sugar content. It was possible to increase the freezing resistance of the sensitive cell line by progressive exposure to low temperatures (acclimation). During the early stage of cold acclimation, an increase of soluble sugar concentration was observed in the cells confirming the correlation between freezing resistance and soluble carbohydrate content in this species. In addition, feeding experiments on the sensitive cell line were performed to introduce specific sugars into the cells. Both electropulsation and long‐term incubation in the presence of fructose and raffinose led to an increase in the tolerance of the cells during a freezing programme. Using radioactive fructose, the uptake of the sugar into cells and protoplasts was checked. In the light of these results, hypotheses are presented concerning the possible role of intracellular sugars in cryoprotection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction of Specific Carbohydrates into Eucalyptus gunnii Cells Increases their Freezing Tolerance

Leborgne

Teulières

Travert

et al. 1995

European Journal of Biochemistry

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“…Application of high electric fields (>167 V/cm) can induce permeabilization of cell membranes which can have drastic effects on cellular physiology. 27,28 Cells exposed to 167 V/cm for as little as 5 ms have localized increases in cellular permeability with concomitant influx of Ca 2+ . 28 As discussed above, such Ca 2+ influx will activate numerous cellular processes and influence the results of some biochemical measurements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser−Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis

et al. 1998

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Due to its potential for exquisite mass detection limits and resolving power, capillary electrophoresis is used for biochemical measurements on single cells; however, accurate measurements of many physiological parameters require sampling strategies that are considerably faster than those presently available. We have developed a laser-based technique to lyse single, adherent, mammalian cells on millisecond time scales. The cellular contents are then introduced into a capillary where electrophoretic separation and detection are performed. Improved temporal resolution of biological measurements results from the extremely rapid lysis made possible by this method. Additionally, the cell is not perturbed by mechanical or electrical stresses prior to sampling. Such disturbances can alter cellular physiology, resulting in inaccurate measurements. The fast cell lysis, the absence of cellular stresses prior to lysis, and the application to adherent mammalian cells are significant refinements to CE-based measurements on single cells. With this lasermicropipet combination, it will be possible to measure the intracellular concentration of molecules that change on subsecond to second time scales, for example, substrates of many cellular enzymes.

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“…2). Once cell contact has been established, the second step is to superimpose a DC pulse (duration 2-100 ,us) of sufficient magnitude (about 1 kv/cm) to produce reversible breakdown of the cell membrane (1,5). This procedure causes the fusion of neighboring protoplasts within the pearl chains.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fusion of Plant Protoplasts by Electric Fields

Bates¹,

Gaynor²,

Shekhawat³

1983

Plant Physiol.

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The electrical fusion technique of Zimmermann and Scheurich (1981 Planta 151: 26-32) has been used to fuse mesophyll protoplasts of Avena, Zea, Vigna, Petunia, and Amaranthus. Electrical fusion proves to be a simple, effective, and general fusion technique that can be controlled to form either dikaryons or large multinucleate fusion bodies. In addition, we show that Vigna mesophyll protoplasts that are subjected to the electrical fields used in this technique are viable in culture. The construction of the fusion chambers, necessary electrical equipment, and the fusion protocol are described in sufficient detail for reproduction of the technique.The fusion of protoplasts has become an important tool in plant somatic cell genetics, especially for the production of interspecific hybrids (10). Recently, the list of methods available for protoplast fusion has been expanded by the development of techniques for fusing cells electrically (8,14 MATERIALS AND METHODSFusion Chamber. We used the flow-through chamber diagrammed in Figure 1. It was built of two pieces of glass glued onto a glass microscope slide with epoxy cement. Two metal rods, which served as electrodes, were glued between these pieces of glass so that an even slot 500 ,um wide remained in the center of the chamber. Care was taken to keep this central slot free of glue. The ends of the chamber were fitted with polyethylene tubing to make an inlet and an outlet port. The entire chamber was covered with a cover slip and sealed with epoxy cement. Several different types of metal were tried as electrodes; gold, platinum-iridium, and silver all worked equally well. The crucial factor in making a successful chamber proved to be getting the electrodes as nearly parallel as possible.

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Formation and resealing of pores of controlled sizes in human erythrocyte membrane

Cited by 459 publications

References 10 publications

Introduction of Specific Carbohydrates into Eucalyptus gunnii Cells Increases their Freezing Tolerance

Introduction of Specific Carbohydrates into Eucalyptus gunnii Cells Increases their Freezing Tolerance

Laser−Micropipet Combination for Single-Cell Analysis

Fusion of Plant Protoplasts by Electric Fields

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