Formation and Properties of Chitosan−Cellulose Nanocrystal Polyelectrolyte−Macroion Complexes for Drug Delivery Applications

Lemes

et al. 2011

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

Cellulose nanocrystals appeared as important bio-based products and the collected information in term of production, characterization and application suggest that this nanomaterial could be easily extrapolated to bioethanol production. This review describes recent published syntheses using chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses and different preparations such as high pressure homogenization. Their industrial and medical applications, such as controled of delivery carriers, suggest a large projection of this nanomaterial. The most important aspect in this collected data is the potential to decrease significantly the final cost of the enzymes or the hydrolysis pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials of all bioethanol processes in such a way that it could be economically feasible from materials such as bagasse, straw or wood resources.

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Minireview of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Its Potential Integration as Co-Product in Bioethanol Production

Lemes

et al. 2011

J. Chil. Chem. Soc.

“…Comb-shaped copolymers composed of dextran backbones and cationic poly((2-dimethyl amino)ethyl methacrylate) side chains were subsequently prepared via atom transfer radical polymerization for nonviral gene delivery. Plasmid DNA were loaded into complex nanoparticles (100–150 nm), which had high gene transfection yield, efficient gene delivery ability in different cancer cell lines, especially in MCF-7cells [166]. Similarly to chitosan and dextran, hyaluronic acid (HA) was chemically modified with the 5β-cholanic acid to form self-assembled nanoparticle (200–400 nm) that combine both passive tumor targeting based on the EPR effect and a more specific or active targeting exploiting the affinity of HA towards CD44 [167].…”

Section: Polysaccharide Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles for Drug/Gene Delivery and Tissue Engineering

Nitta

Numata

2013

IJMS

563

319

There has been a great interest in application of nanoparticles as biomaterials for delivery of therapeutic molecules such as drugs and genes, and for tissue engineering. In particular, biopolymers are suitable materials as nanoparticles for clinical application due to their versatile traits, including biocompatibility, biodegradability and low immunogenicity. Biopolymers are polymers that are produced from living organisms, which are classified in three groups: polysaccharides, proteins and nucleic acids. It is important to control particle size, charge, morphology of surface and release rate of loaded molecules to use biopolymer-based nanoparticles as drug/gene delivery carriers. To obtain a nano-carrier for therapeutic purposes, a variety of materials and preparation process has been attempted. This review focuses on fabrication of biocompatible nanoparticles consisting of biopolymers such as protein (silk, collagen, gelatin, β-casein, zein and albumin), protein-mimicked polypeptides and polysaccharides (chitosan, alginate, pullulan, starch and heparin). The effects of the nature of the materials and the fabrication process on the characteristics of the nanoparticles are described. In addition, their application as delivery carriers of therapeutic drugs and genes and biomaterials for tissue engineering are also reviewed.

Handbook of Nanoparticles

“…Recently, Roman and co-workers have reported the formation of a novel polyelectrolyte-macroion complex (PMC) from chitosan and NCC at different concentrations for potential applications in oral drug delivery [261]. The concentration of NCC in the reaction medium has a strong effect on PMC formation, with higher NCC concentrations resulting in larger or more highly aggregated PMC particles.…”

Section: Functionalization With Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Modification of Hydroxylated Nanoparticles: Silica, Sepiolite, and Polysaccharides

Tiemblo

García

Hoyos

et al. 2015

The incorporation of organic compounds onto the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) differs from the same reactions carried out on macroscopic surfaces in that the former are characterized by surfaces energies much higher than the latter. Consequently, surface stabilization mechanisms of NPs are very active, and among them NP self-aggregation is the first and most important. In NP surface modification, the ability of the experimental conditions to destroy self-aggregation will determine the extent to which the NP surface is modified and so, the modified NP nature. A second consequence of the high-surface free energy is the NP surface avidity to interact chemically or physically with other compounds: NPs readily adsorb water, gases, vapors, or other higher molecular weight substances, and in the particular case of hydroxylated NP, chemical reactivity is both high and rich. This chapter will deal with the surface modification of silica, sepiolite, and polysaccharides. Experimental strategies, resulting organo-NPs, their structure and properties, and frequent uses and applications of them will be reviewed.