Formation and Properties of Bimolecular Lipid Membranes

Müeller, Paul; Rudin, Donald O.; Tien, H. Ti; Wescott, William C.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4831-9995-5.50016-9

Cited by 93 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Very strikingly, single-layered and trilaminar area,s appear to alternate over distances as short as 400 A so we are led to the conclusion t,hat t,he film surface exhibits an undulated rather than a smooth pattern. In connection with t,hese orientation experiments we have to revalue the observation (Mueller et al, 1964) bhat OsO,-fixed brain lipid films do not display triple-layered regions. We think that in most cases an ultrastructural analysis of membranes and in particular of black lipid membranes should be accompanied by tilting experiments.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relevance of their results, however, was criticized especially with regard to the extent of black lipid membranereorganization during fixation with KMnO, (Andrews & Haydon, 1968). On the other hand Mueller, Rudin, Tien & Wescott (1964) using 0~0, fixation of a mixed-lipid film, could not reveal the triple-layered character of the lipid membrane, but showed a micrograph featuring a 90 A wide, continuous band. In their study, a possible trilaminar character of the black lipid membranes perhaps was obscured by a film orientation not parallel to the electron beam.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultrastructural analysis of black lipid membranes

Ververgaert

Elbers

1971

Journal of Molecular Biology

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Black f?hns of egg phosphatidylcholine were investigated by electron microscopy of thin sections. A stabilizing method was developed based on a tricomplex reaction of the lipid, in order to avoid difficulties of interpretation pertaining to OsOc and KMnOe-fixation techniques. Membranes were essentially trilaminar, as could be demonstrated by specimen tilting, and extensively undulated.Densitometer tracings of micrographs revealed a peak to peak width of 45 A. Corrected for electron radiation damage this width would amount to 6OA. Taking into account the thickness of the polar layers, this would mean a total thickness of 69 tf of the native membrane.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructural analysis of black lipid membranes

Ververgaert

Elbers

1971

Journal of Molecular Biology

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“…In these experiments we have modified the conventional apparatus for formation of lipid bilayers (8). Our lipid bilayers are horizontal, formed across a 330-.um round hole in the thin bottom of a Teflon cup which is immersed in a small Lucite chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such "black lipid membranes" have been used extensively to model the permeability properties of naturally occurring membranes and have been especially useful in studying the properties of membrane active drugs (8,9). The ionic permeability of such membranes can conveniently be studied by electrical measurements.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In these experiments we have modified the conventional apparatus for formation of lipid bilayers (8 with a small paint brush. The horizontal arrangement enables us to observe the bilayer in a phase microscope at X100, and we can readily observe the thinning of the membrane as a wave of slightly higher transparency which closely resembles the wave of secondary black film formation as observed in the conventional apparatus.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interaction of lymphocytes with lipid bilayer membranes: a model for lymphocyte-mediated lysis of target cells.

Henkart¹,

Blumenthal²

1975

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Horizontal li id bilayer membranes were used as a model system to study lymphocyte-mediated killing of target cells. Dinitrophenylated lipid bilayers can physically support dozens of lymphocytes for periods of over one hour without breakage or increasing the electrical conductance of the membrane. However, in the presence of antibody against Dnp, human lymphocytes rapidly induced increases in membrane conductance of several orders of magnitude without membrane breakage. Such ionic permeability increases occurred only when the membrane voltage was positive on the lymphocyte side, as would be the case with a target cell membrane. The lymphocyte and antibody dependence of this conductance increase parallels that observed for lymphocyte killing of antibody-coated target cells. The results are interpreted as evidence that the primary event in lymphocyte kiling of antibody-coated target cells is the creation of ion-conducting channels in the target membrane. Lymphocytes appear to play a major role in the immunologic rejection of foreign grafts and tumors. Since lymphocytes have also been shown to be able to destroy such foreign cells directly in vitro, interest has focused on the mechanism of this lymphocyte-induced killing (1). Several lines of evidence suggest that lymphocytes destroy their target cells by inducing a breakdown in the permeability barrier to small ions, leading to a subsequent colloid osmotic lysis. Morphological studies of the killing reactions have demonstrated that the cytolytic process is accompanied by a marked swelling of the dying cell (2). The study of target cells internally labeled with molecules of different sizes shows that the smaller molecules are released from the dying cell faster than those of high molecular weight (3-5). High concentrations of macromolecules have been shown to suppress the final release of 51Cr from the target cell (5, 6), but the interpretation of these findings is controversial (7). There has been no evidence to indicate whether the early permeability increase in the target membrane is caused directly by the attacking lymphocyte or is a secondary consequence of some other primary injury.In order to study the ability of lymphocytes to induce permeability changes in a foreign membrane, we have studied the interaction of human lymphocytes with artificial lipid bilayer membranes. Such "black lipid membranes" have been used extensively to model the permeability properties of naturally occurring membranes and have been especially useful in studying the properties of membrane active drugs (8,9). The ionic permeability of such membranes can conveniently be studied by electrical measurements. In the present studies we have used an antigenic lipid to form a bilayer membrane, and have examined the ability of nonimmune lymphocytes to induce permeability changes in the presence of antibody bound to the membrane. This system is a model for the antibody-dependent (but complement-independent) killing of target cells mediated (10). Dnp-phosphatidylethanolamine (Dnp-PE) ...

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Adsorption of Enzymes at Interfaces: Film Formation and the Effect on Activity

James¹,

Augenstein²

1966

Advances in Enzymology - And Related Areas of Molecular Biology

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Formation and Properties of Bimolecular Lipid Membranes

Cited by 93 publications

References 24 publications

Ultrastructural analysis of black lipid membranes

Ultrastructural analysis of black lipid membranes

Interaction of lymphocytes with lipid bilayer membranes: a model for lymphocyte-mediated lysis of target cells.

Adsorption of Enzymes at Interfaces: Film Formation and the Effect on Activity

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