“…Many heteroatoms can be incorporated into a POM framework, including Gd, Mn and Cu, to impart various properties. [36][37][38][39] These nanoclusters can then be used in biomedical, [40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49] analytical, [50][51][52][53][54] magnetic, [55][56][57][58][59][60] optical 61,62 and catalytic applications. [63][64][65][66][67] For example, paramagnetic rare earth elements such as Gd 3+ can be easily incorporated into polytungstate (a type of POM) structures to form new molecules.…”