Formation and Oxidation Processes of Soot Particulates in a D. I. Diesel Engine — An Experimental Study via the Two-Color Method

Matsui, Yukio; Kamimoto, Takeyuki; Matsuoka, Satoshi

doi:10.4271/820464

Cited by 68 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 16 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Other correlations between FSN and soot mass have also been proposed [13][14][15][16][17] but are not reviewed here since they are not commonly used in the current practice. The goal of this work is to compare the accuracy of the frequently used and relevant correlations for the mass of soot emissions at low smoke conditions generated by the use of biodiesel and LTC modes of operation in a direct-injected diesel engine.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Northrop

Bohac

Chin

et al. 2011

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Partially premixed low temperature combustion (LTC) is an established advanced engine strategy that enables the simultaneous reduction of soot and NO, emissions in diesel engines. Measuring extremely low levels of soot emissions achievable with LTC modes using a filter smoke meter requires large sample volumes and repeated measurements to achieve the desired data precision and accuracy. Even taking such measures, doubt exists as to whether filter smoke number (FSN) accurately represents the actual smoke emissions emitted from such low .wot conditions. The use of alternative fuels such as biodiesel also compounds efforts to accurately report soot emissions since the refiectivity of high levels of organic matter found on the particulate matter collected may result in erroneous readings from the optical detector Using FSN, it is desired to report mass emissions of soot using empirical correlations derived for use with petroleum diesel fuels and conventional modes of combustion. The work presented in this paper compares the experimental results of well known formulas for calculating the mass of soot using FSN and the elemental carbon mass using thermal optical analysis (TOA) over a range of operating conditions and fuels from a four-cylinder direct-injection passenger car diesel engine. The data show that the mass of soot emitted by the engine can be accurately predicted with the smoke meter method utilizing a 3000 ml sample volume over a range of FSN from 0.02 to 1.5. Soot mass exhaust concentration calculated from FSN using the best of the literature expressions and that from TOA taken over all conditions correlated linearly with a slope of 0.99 and R^ value of 0.94. A primary implication of the work is that the level of confidence in reporting the soot mass based on FSN for low soot formation regimes such as LTC is improved for both petroleum diesel and biodiesel fuels.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Northrop

Bohac

Chin

et al. 2011

Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Experimental evidence indicates that oxygen, in sufficient quantity, suppresses soot formation. Such reduction of smoke emission may occur either by interfering with the polymerization process or by directly burning soot particles in the presence of sufficiently high temperature [10,11]. It is also considered that OH radicals may help to remove soot on one hand but they also play an important role in the dehydrogenation process which leads to soot formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At high loads where fuel spray may penetrate near the periphery of the cylinder walls, presence of gaseous hydrogen may help to burn carbon formed in that region. Sampling of combustion gases in the cylinder of a DI diesel engine has shown soot levels near the walls to be higher than expected [11]. Some of the earlier work done on fumigating small amounts of volatile fuels to the intake air of diesel engine indicated that exhaust smoke levels can be reduced by such an approach [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen aspiration in a direct injection type diesel engine-its effects on smoke and other engine performance parameters

Varde

Frame

1983

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

An experimental study was undertaken to investigate the possibility of reducing diesel particulates in the exhaust by aspirating small quantities of gaseous hydrogen in the intake of a diesel engine. A single cylinder, direct injection type diesel engine was used in the experiments. Hydrogen flow rates equivalent to about 10% of the total energy substantially reduced smoke emissions at part loads. At the full rated load, reduction in smoke levels was limited; this is believed to be due to the lower amounts of excess air available in the cylinder. It was found that the engine thermal efficiency was dependent on the portion of hydrogen energy, out of the total input energy, supplied to the engine. There was no significant change in the hydrocarbon emissions but oxides of nitrogen in the exhaust increased with an increase in hydrogen energy. A/F EitOpeak NOMENCLATURE air-fuel ratio (kg/kg) rate of hydrogen energy supply (KJ/s) rate to total energy supply (KJ/s) angle when peak pressure occurs (deg) fuel air equivalence ratio (q~ < 1 is lean)

show abstract

“…The ash normally comes from the burning of lubricating oil, whereas the soot is formed in the fuel-rich areas of the combustion chamber after the initial diffusion stage of combustion climaxing at the completion of the fuel-injection time (Matsui et al 1982). A simultaneous reduction of PM was achieved in all but one of the same studies (Ishida and Chen 1994;Hsu 1986;Tsukahara and Yoshimoto 1992) the exception being a study utilizing a big bore, two-stroke diesel engine with low injection pressure (Henningsen 1994).…”

Section: Emission Details Of Emulsion Fuel Nitrogen Oxides (No X )mentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions–A review

Hasannuddin

Wira

Srithar

et al. 2015

Clean Techn Environ Policy

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emulsion fuel is an unconventional fuel for diesel engines, which can be used without modifications in the engine. The benefits of an emulsion fuel include lowering the emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and particulate matter (PM) which are harmful to health and cause diesel engines to suffer. This paper explains in detail the effect of water in the emulsion fuel on the emissions of NO x , PM, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), smoke and exhaust temperature. Experimental results from various researchers show a decrease in the NO x and PM emissions simultaneously. However, the results with the increasing water percentage in emulsion fuel are not consistent for HC and CO emissions. The water content in emulsion fuel affects the combustion and reduces the peak temperature in the combustion chamber. On the other hand, microexplosion phenomenon occurs and causes an increase in the volatility of diesel fuel which improves the combustion efficiency.

show abstract

Formation and Oxidation Processes of Soot Particulates in a D. I. Diesel Engine — An Experimental Study via the Two-Color Method

Cited by 68 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Comparison of Filter Smoke Number and Elemental Carbon Mass From Partially Premixed Low Temperature Combustion in a Direct-Injection Diesel Engine

Hydrogen aspiration in a direct injection type diesel engine-its effects on smoke and other engine performance parameters

Effect of emulsion fuel on engine emissions–A review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About