Formation and Inhibition of Calcium Carbonate Crystals under Cathodic Polarization Conditions

Sheng, Kun; Ge, Honghua; Huang, Xin; Zeng, Yi; Song, Yuxin; Ge, Fang; Zhao, Yuzeng; Meng, Xinjing

doi:10.3390/cryst10040275

Cited by 21 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…However, EDTA and citric acid with insufficient antiscaling efficacy exhibited the most gypsum crystals habit modification, while ATMP with the highest efficacy revealed no noticeable changes in crystal morphology. Recently, a similar conclusion concerning CaCO 3 deposition in the presence of PBTC was reported: the scale inhibition effect of PBTC under cathodic polarization has no obvious relationship on the crystal habit modification, caused by PBTC [32].…”

Section: Visualization Of Paa-f2 In a Binary Gypsum-paa-f2 Systemsupporting

confidence: 53%

Synthesis and Visualization of a Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Polymeric Antiscalant during Gypsum Crystallization in Combination with Bisphosphonate Fluorophore

et al. 2020

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An attempt to reveal the mechanisms of scale inhibition with the use of two different fluorescent-tagged antiscalants at once is undertaken. To reach the goal, a novel 1,8-naphthalimide-tagged polyacrylate (PAA-F2) is synthesized and tested separately and jointly with 1,8-naphthalimide-tagged bisphosphonate (HEDP-F) as a gypsum scale inhibitor within the frames of NACE Standard TM0374-2007. Here, it is found that at a dosage of 10 mg·dm−3 it provides a much higher inhibition efficiency (96%) than HEDP-F (32%). A PAA-F2 and HEDP-F blend (1:1 mass) has an intermediate efficacy (66%) and exhibits no synergism relative to its individual components. The visualization of PAA-F2 revealed a paradoxical effect: an antiscalant causes modification of the CaSO4·2H2O crystals habit, but does not interact with them, forming particles of its own solid complex [Ca-PAA-F2]. This paradox is interpreted in terms of the “nano/microdust” concept, prioritizing the bulk heterogeneous nucleation step, while an ability of the scale inhibitor to block the nucleus growth at the next steps is proven to be of secondary importance. At the same time, HEDP-F does not change the gypsum crystals morphology, although this antiscalant is completely located on the surface of the scale phase. The PAA-F2 and HEDP-F blend revealed an accumulation of both antiscalants in their own [Ca-PAA-F2/Ca-HEDP-F] phase with some traces of HEDP-F and PAA-F2 on the CaSO4·2H2O crystals surface. Thus, the visualization of two different antiscalants separately and jointly applied to gypsum deposition demonstrates differences in phosphonic and polymeric inhibitors location, and a lack of causal relationship between antiscalant efficiency and scale particle habit modification. Finally, it is shown that the confocal microscopy of several fluorescent antiscalant blends is capable of providing unique information on their interrelationships during scale deposition.

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Section: Visualization Of Paa-f2 In a Binary Gypsum-paa-f2 Systemsupporting

confidence: 53%

Synthesis and Visualization of a Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Polymeric Antiscalant during Gypsum Crystallization in Combination with Bisphosphonate Fluorophore

et al. 2020

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“…At the same time, unlike HEDP-F, polyacrylate definitely causes a well-expressed crystal morphology change of calcium carbonate (Figure 10d). Although such effects have been registered earlier both in our experiments [28], and in experiments of other research groups [29,30], this observation should still be noted. The less efficient antiscalant PAA-F1 causes morphology change of calcite, while the more efficient HEDP-F does not.…”

Section: Sem and Fm Analysis Of Membrane Surfacesupporting

confidence: 59%

A Case Study of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization during Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination in Presence of Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants

Popov¹,

Oshchepkov

Первов

et al. 2022

Membranes

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Calcium carbonate scaling in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination process is studied in the presence of two novel fluorescent-tagged scale inhibitors 1,8-naphthalimide-tagged polyacrylate (PAA-F1) and 1-hydroxy-7-(6-methoxy-1,3-dioxo-1H-benzo[de]isoquinolin-2(3H)-yl)heptane-1,1-diyl-bis(phosphonic acid) (HEDP-F) by fluorescent microscopy (FM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both antiscalants diminished the mean size of calcite crystals relative to the blank experiment. The behavior and localization of HEDP-F and PAA-F1 during calcite scale formation on membrane surface was found to be significantly different from the distribution in similar RO experiments with gypsum, reported earlier. In the former case, both antiscalants are concentrated exactly on the surface of calcium carbonate crystals, while in the latter one they form their own phases (Ca-HEDP-F and Ca-PAA-F1) and are not detected on gypsum scale. The difference is interpreted in terms of interplay between background calcium concentration and sparingly soluble calcium salts’ solubility. HEDP-F reveals slightly higher efficiency than PAA-F1 against calcite scale formation, while PAA-F exhibits a higher ability to change calcite morphology. It is demonstrated that there is a lack of correlation between antiscaling efficacy and ability of antiscalant to change calcium carbonate morphology in a particular case study. An application of fluorescent-tagged antiscalants in RO experiments provides a unique possibility to track the scale inhibitor molecules’ localization during calcite scale formation. Fluorescent-tagged antiscalants are presumed to become a very powerful tool in membrane scaling inhibition studies.

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“…However, there is a lack of direct correlation between inhibition efficacy and crystal distortion. Some other authors have revealed that the least efficient scale inhibitors, instead of the most efficient inhibitors, have a higher tendency to change the morphology of scale crystals [71,72]. More investigations should be conducted to clarify the crystal modification mechanism.…”

Section: Crystal Modificationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield

Liu

Zhang

2022

Polymers

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Production chemistry is an important field in the petroleum industry to study the physicochemical changes in the production system and associated impact on production fluid flow from reservoir to topsides facilities. Mineral scale deposition and metal corrosion are among the top three water-related production chemistry threats in the petroleum industry, particularly for offshore deepwater and shale operations. Mineral scale deposition is mainly driven by local supersaturation due to operational condition change and/or mixing of incompatible waters. Corrosion, in contrast, is an electrochemical oxidation–reduction process with local cathodic and anodic reactions taking place on metal surfaces. Both mineral scaling and metal corrosion can lead to severe operational risk and financial loss. The most common engineering solution for oilfield scale and corrosion control is to deploy chemical inhibitors, including scale inhibitors and corrosion inhibitors. In the past few decades, various chemical inhibitors have been prepared and applied for scaling and corrosion control. Phosphorus-based polymers are an important class of chemical inhibitors commonly adopted in oilfield operations. Due to the versatile molecular structures of these chemicals, phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors have the advantage of a higher calcium tolerance, a higher thermal stability, and a wider pH tolerance range compared with other types of inhibitors. However, there are limited review articles to cover these polymeric chemicals for oilfield scale and corrosion control. To address this gap, this review article systematically reviews the synthesis, laboratory testing, and field applications of various phosphorus-based polymeric inhibitors in the oil and gas industry. Future research directions in terms of optimizing inhibitor design are also discussed. The objective is to keep the readers abreast of the latest development in the synthesis and application of these materials and to bridge chemistry knowledge with oilfield scale and corrosion control practice.

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Formation and Inhibition of Calcium Carbonate Crystals under Cathodic Polarization Conditions

Cited by 21 publications

References 39 publications

Synthesis and Visualization of a Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Polymeric Antiscalant during Gypsum Crystallization in Combination with Bisphosphonate Fluorophore

Synthesis and Visualization of a Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Polymeric Antiscalant during Gypsum Crystallization in Combination with Bisphosphonate Fluorophore

A Case Study of Calcium Carbonate Crystallization during Reverse Osmosis Water Desalination in Presence of Novel Fluorescent-Tagged Antiscalants

Review of Phosphorus-Based Polymers for Mineral Scale and Corrosion Control in Oilfield

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