Formation and degradation of lipid bodies found in the riboflavin-producing fungus Ashbya gossypii

Stahmann, K.‐Peter; Kupp, C.; Feldmann, Sigrun D.; Sahm, Hermann

doi:10.1007/s002530050226

Cited by 13 publications

(29 citation statements)

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“…It is known that the riboflavin is synthesized only by microbes (Prabhakar et al, 1993;Stahmann et al, 1994) and plants (Fischer and Bacher, 2006;Sandoval et al, 2008), not by animals. The autofluorescence property of riboflavin led to the assumption that riboflavin-producing bacterial colonies should also possess the property of autofluorescence.…”

Section: Production Of Riboflavin By Symbiotic Bacteria During Adaptimentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on organogenesis during regeneration in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, in support of symbiotic association with Bacillus endophyticus

Subramanian¹,

Sudalaimani²,

Christyraj³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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Organogenesis and animal adaptation upon loss of body parts are crucial events in regeneration of all traits, and both are uncovered areas in biology. The organogenesis of the mouth and anus during regeneration was studied in Eudrilus eugeniae. It was found that the earthworm regenerates a functional mouth and anus in six days. During the course of organogenesis, the earthworm adopts unique starvation behavior for 5 days, and the starvation triggers the gut microflora of E. eugeniae to produce riboflavin. One of the efficient riboflavin-producing bacteria, Bacillus endophyticus, confirmed through 16S rRNA sequencing, has been isolated from its gut. The symbiotic association provides shelter and nutrition to the bacterium and the earthworm in return gets riboflavin to maintain homeostasis during the starvation period of early regeneration.

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Section: Production Of Riboflavin By Symbiotic Bacteria During Adaptimentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on organogenesis during regeneration in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, in support of symbiotic association with Bacillus endophyticus

Subramanian¹,

Sudalaimani²,

Christyraj³

et al. 2017

Turk J Biol

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“…After the addition of 50 p1 enzyme solution and incubation the reaction was stopped by extracting the substrate and products with 50 p1 hexane. After 15 min extraction, the test tube was centrifuged and the hexane phase was applied to a TLC plate which was developed and scanned as described previously [8]. Integration of the peaks obtained for trioleoylglycerol, dioleoylglycerols, monooleoylglycerol, and oleic acid allowed the calculation of enzymatic activity.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ashbya gossypii strain ATCC 10895 was maintained and cultivated in 500-ml flasks or a 10-1 fermentor as previously described [8]. Agar plates for the visualization of triacylglycerol degradation contained in 1 1 : 2 g KH,PO,, 1.5 g NH,Cl, 0.5 g asparagine, 0.2 g NaC1, 0.4 g MgS04X7 H,O, 0.05 g MnSO,XH,O, 0.04 g CaCl,X2 H,O, 0.1 g inositol, 0.25 g nicotinic acid, 20 g agar and 18 ml trioleoylglycerol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, it has not been possible to detect an extracellular lipase in cultures degrading fat. Its existence could only be concluded from growth experiments with pure trioleoylglycerol and the subsequent detection of extracellular free oleic acid [8].The objectives of this study were the detection, isolation, and characterization of the extracellular lipase of A. gossypii. The most interesting problem was the evaluation of the reason…”

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confidence: 99%

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Regulation and Properties of A Fungal Lipase Showing Interfacial Inactivation by Gas Bubbles, or Droplets of Lipid or Fatty Acid

Stahmann

Böddecker

Sahm

1997

European Journal of Biochemistry

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Ashbya gossypii can grow on triacylglycerol as carbon source. A degradation rate of 0.05 gXg-' mycelial dry massxh-' was detected for soybean oil. Although this rate was within the sensitivity range of lipase assays no activity was detectable. On the other hand, extracellular lipase activity could be visualized by clearance halos round the growing mycelium when trioleoylglycerol was emulsified as the sole carbon source in agar plates. Variation of the culture conditions revealed that reduced shaking speed and decreased fat content in the medium led to detectable amounts of lipase in the supernatant of flask cultures. A maximal activity of 800 UX1-I was obtained after 32 h of cultivation in flasks containing 1 % yeast extract and incubated at 60 rpm. Because of its PI of 9.0, the enzyme could be purified in a single step by preparative isoelectric focusing. It appeared as a homogeneous protein in analytical isoelectric focusing and SDS/PAGE (Mr 35 000). The lipase was inactivated within minutes in stirred gadwater, trioleoylglycerol/water or oleic acidwater mixtures. These effects suggested an interface inactivation. This idea was supported by a stability modulation observed with the surfactant PluronicR F-68. Inactivation by oleic acid led to an aggregation of the lipase shown by gel filtration. Growth experiments performed under lipase-stabilizing conditions revealed a negative influence of glucose, glycerol or oleic acid on detectable lipase activity, probably due to a regulation of lipase formation. Inactivation and regulation thus explained the lack of detectable lipase activity in cultures of A. gossypii growing on triacylglycerol.Keywords: lipase; enzyme stability ; interface ; fungi ; Ashbya gossypii.Lipases are widely distributed among animals, plants and microorganisms [ l , 21. All the enzymes studied so far have in common that they are water-soluble but only maximally active when adsorbed to the interface between water and their waterinsoluble substrate. This property, also relevant for other interfacial enzymes [3], is known as interfacial activation [4]. It can be interpreted in two ways: firstly as an activation of the substrate and secondly as a change in the enzyme's conformation [5]. The major aspect of this paper is a strong effect of the interface on a lipase resulting in complete loss of its enzymatic activity. The enzyme in question is an extracellular lipase formed by the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii.The hemiascomycete A. gossypii (Ashby & Nowell) Guilliermond (1 928) is an important overproducer of vitamin B,. Since 1968 it has been used in technical processes on an industrial scale [6]. As a carbon source, carbohydrates are suitable but plant oils are even better 171. An unsolved problem in the metabolism of the fungus was its first step, namely the degradation of the triacylglycerol. Up to now, it has not been possible to detect an extracellular lipase in cultures degrading fat. Its existence could only be concluded from growth experiments with pure trioleoylglycerol and the subseq...

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“…For example, only one family, lipase-class3-domain-containing protein, was found in Ash. gosyppii, in which it has been proposed to be involved in nutrition acquisition (Stahmann et al, 1994). Notably, only three oleaginous strains, including Y. lipolytica, Asp.…”

Section: Cataloguing Of Lipase Enzymes In Yeast and Fungimentioning

confidence: 99%

Genome mining of fungal lipid-degrading enzymes for industrial applications

et al. 2015

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Lipases are interesting enzymes, which contribute important roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis and cellular metabolisms. Using available genome data, seven lipase families of oleaginous and non-oleaginous yeast and fungi were categorized based on the similarity of their amino acid sequences and conserved structural domains. Of them, triacylglycerol lipase (patatin-domaincontaining protein) and steryl ester hydrolase (abhydro_lipase-domain-containing protein) families were ubiquitous enzymes found in all species studied. The two essential lipases rendered signature characteristics of integral membrane proteins that might be targeted to lipid monolayer particles. At least one of the extracellular lipase families existed in each species of yeast and fungi. We found that the diversity of lipase families and the number of genes in individual families of oleaginous strains were greater than those identified in non-oleaginous species, which might play a role in nutrient acquisition from surrounding hydrophobic substrates and attribute to their obese phenotype. The gene/enzyme catalogue and relevant informative data of the lipases provided by this study are not only valuable toolboxes for investigation of the biological role of these lipases, but also convey potential in various industrial applications.

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Formation and degradation of lipid bodies found in the riboflavin-producing fungus Ashbya gossypii

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Studies on organogenesis during regeneration in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, in support of symbiotic association with Bacillus endophyticus

Studies on organogenesis during regeneration in the earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae, in support of symbiotic association with Bacillus endophyticus

Regulation and Properties of A Fungal Lipase Showing Interfacial Inactivation by Gas Bubbles, or Droplets of Lipid or Fatty Acid

Genome mining of fungal lipid-degrading enzymes for industrial applications

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