“…Many surface modification techniques, such as surface abrasion (Morgan & Wilson, 2001), chemical coating (Harris & Richards, 2004) and chemical grafting (Gottenbos et al, 1999(Gottenbos et al, , 2000(Gottenbos et al, , 2001Hibiya et al, 2000;Lee et al, 1996Lee et al, , 1997Lee et al, , 1998Park et al, 1998;Pasmore et al, 2001;Roosjen et al, 2003Roosjen et al, , 2004Terada et al, 2004Terada et al, , 2005Wang et al, 2000), have been used to investigate the possibility of inhibiting or promoting bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Radiation-induced grafting technology can generate highly reactive radicals and subsequently initiate the polymerization and extension of long graft chains on common polymer materials such as polyethylene (PE).…”