Formamidine disulfide oxidant as a localised electron scavenger for &gt;20% perovskite solar cell modules

Zhu, Jun; Park, Seulyoung; Gong, Oh Yeong; Sohn, ChangHwun; Li, Zijia; Zhang, Zhenru; Jo, Bonghyun; Kim, Wooyul; Han, Gill Sang; Kim, Dong Hoe; Ahn, Tae Kyu; Lee, Jaichan; Jung, Hyun Suk

doi:10.1039/d1ee01440d

Cited by 70 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Furthermore, the PSCs with active areas larger than 100 cm 2 show PCEs less than 18% only, [ 158 ] whereas the devices with an active area less than 100 cm 2 show PCEs of 20.73% (23.27 cm 2 ) and 17.44% (59.33 cm 2 ). [ 218 ] Similarly, almost all scalable solution‐based different deposition techniques with scalable interconnection schemes for PSC modules have been demonstrated stable power output of PCE >11%, for example, slot‐die coating: 13.8% (144 cm 2 , aperture area); [ 92 ] blade coating: 14.6% (57 cm 2 , aperture area); [ 92 ] and spray coating: 15.5% (40 cm 2 , active area). [ 219 ] In particular, from these solution‐based printing techniques for the scalability of the PSCs with high PCEs, slot‐die, and blade‐coating are the most suitable techniques to achieve high PCE over large areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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Just over a decade, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been emerged as a next‐generation photovoltaic technology due to their skyrocketing power conversion efficiency (PCE), low cost, and easy manufacturing techniques compared to Si solar cells. Several methods and procedures have been developed to fabricate high‐quality perovskite films to improve the scalability and commercialize PSCs. Recently, several printing technologies such as blade‐coating, slot‐die coating, spray coating, flexographic printing, gravure printing, screen printing, and inkjet printing have been found to be very effective in controlling film formation and improving the PCE of over 21%. This review summarizes the intensive research efforts given for these printing techniques to scale up the perovskite films as well as the hole transport layer (HTL), the electron transport layer (ETL), and electrodes for PSCs. In the end, this review presents a description of the future research scope to overcome the challenges being faced in the printing techniques for the commercialization of PSCs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…[1,2] These hybrid semiconductors exhibit unique properties such as high carrier mobility, long carrier diffusion length, high defect tolerance, and low exciton defects include uncoordinated Pb 2+ /I -, Pb-I antisites/impurities and surface defects due to terminally growth of perovskite crystals, which significantly deteriorates the optoelectronic properties of the PSCs. [27,28] In order to eliminate these unwanted defects, engineering strategies involving component, [29,30] dimensionality, [31,32] grain boundary, [25] additive, [33] and antisolvent/solution [34] have been intensively explored. Among these strategies, antisolution treatments using functional passivating agents such as organic molecules, [23] polymers, [35] and inorganic nanocrystals [36] have been reported to effectively optimize the crystallization process as well as passivate the defects at surfaces and grain boundaries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

Guo

Sun

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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Benefiting from these unique properties, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has rapidly increased from initial ≈3% to now 25.5%, [7][8][9] situating it at the forefront of the third-generation solar cells. [10,11] Unfortunately, these ionic hybrid perovskite materials are extremely sensitive to light, [12,13] heat, [14] and moisture, [15] resulting in unstable crystal structures. During the past decade, numerous passivating methods have been developed to enhance both efficiency and long-term stability of hybrid PSCs. [16][17][18] In these polycrystalline perovskite films, defects formed at either surface or grain boundaries have been widely reported to significantly restrict carriers transport and crystal stability, which further deteriorates the device performance. [19,20] Indeed, a large number of defects are generated during the film crystallization process due to the low formation energy and soft lattice character of the perovskite crystals. [21,22] Besides, the ionic nature of hybrid halide perovskite leads to unfavorable carrier recombination and ion migration in the perovskite films, resulting in unsatisfactory efficiency or stability of the devices. [23,24] In particular, the crystallization process is accompanied by the ubiquitous formation of imperfections at grain boundaries and surfaces, metallic lead clusters, and intrinsic point defects. [24][25][26] Among them, intrinsic site Organic-inorganic hybrid lead halide perovskite solar cells have made unprecedented progress in improving photovoltaic efficiency during the past decade, while still facing critical stability challenges. Herein, the natural organic dye Indigo is explored for the first time to be an efficient molecular passivator that assists in the preparation of high-quality hybrid perovskite film with reduced defects and enhanced stability. The Indigo molecule with both carbonyl and amino groups can provide bifunctional chemical passivation for defects. In-depth theoretical and experimental studies show that the Indigo molecules firmly binds to the perovskite surfaces, enhancing the crystallization of perovskite films with improved morphology. Consequently, the Indigo-passivated perovskite film exhibits increased grain size with better uniformity, reduced grain boundaries, lowered defect density, and retarded ion migration, boosting the device efficiency up to 23.22%, and ≈21% for large-area device (1 cm 2 ). Furthermore, the Indigo passivation can enhance device stability in terms of both humidity and thermal stress. These results provide not only new insights into the multipassivation role of natural organic dyes but also a simple and low-cost strategy to prepare high-quality hybrid perovskite films for optoelectronic applications based on Indigo derivatives.

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“…In 2020, the CH 3 O‐PTAA‐based FAPbI 3 device prepared by Kim et al only reduced 3% initial PCE (an average reduction of 6.1%) after aging at 85 °C and 85% RH in dark for 1000 h. [ 38 ] In 2021, Zhu et al reported that FAPbI 3 devices with the additive, formamidine disulfide dihydrochloride (FASCl), maintained about 92.5% and about 91.7% of its initial efficiency at 85 °C and 50% RH after 1000 h aging in dark without encapsulation. [ 37 ] At present, PSCs mainly follow the IEC 61215 solar cell testing and certification standards established by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in Geneva, Switzerland. It is generally believed that the expected service life of photovoltaic modules certified by the IEC 61215 standard is 25 years under normal weather.…”

Section: Recent Achievements In Pure Fapbi3‐based Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 39 ] Through morphology control and V I defect passivation with FASCl, Zhu et al used spin coating to fabricate uniform and pinhole‐free large‐area perovskite film with a PCE of 20.75% (23.27 cm 2 ) and 17.44% (59.33 cm 2 ). [ 37 ] Currently, doctor blade coating, slot‐die coating, spray coating, and inkjet printing have been introduced to upscale perovskite manufacturing. [ 40 ] To speed up solvent evaporation, Yoo et al developed the air‐knife‐assisted bar coating method to fabricate large‐area perovskite devices and attained the PCE of >20% based on an aperture area of 31 cm 2 (FAPbI 3 ) 0.95 (MAPbBr 3 ) 0.05 mini‐modules.…”

Section: Recent Achievements In Pure Fapbi3‐based Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: From Film Morphology Regulation to Device Optimization

Tang

et al. 2022

Solar RRL

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Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted great attentions due to their rapid increase of power conversion efficiency (PCE). Although the highest PCE of PSCs (25.7%) has been achieved via using formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) with a suitable bandgap, there is still a lack of systematic analysis on FAPbI3‐based PSCs toward high stability and high efficiency. Herein, the progress in FAPbI3 films and achievements in their high‐efficiency and long‐term stability PSCs are comprehensively reviewed. First, the progress from the aspects of morphology, defect, dimension, and strain for FAPbI3 film optimization is summarized and then the development of FAPbI3 PSCs in both efficiency and stability is discussed. Then, the methods to improve the FAPbI3 film quality by morphology control, defect passivation, dimensional regulation, and strain engineering, as well as strategies to optimize the device structure and interface layers, which are critical to promote device stability and efficiency, are evaluated. Finally, the outlook and strategies for realizing commercialized FAPbI3 PSCs with high efficiency and long lifetime are discussed.

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Formamidine disulfide oxidant as a localised electron scavenger for >20% perovskite solar cell modules

Abstract: A large FAS2+ ion in FAPbI3 scavenges localized electrons in defects, leading to perovskite solar cell module with remarkable performance values of 18.76% (25.74 cm2) and 15.87% (65.22 cm2), respectively.

Cited by 70 publications

References 56 publications

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: From Film Morphology Regulation to Device Optimization

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Formamidine disulfide oxidant as a localised electron scavenger for >20% perovskite solar cell modules

Abstract: A large FAS2+ ion in FAPbI3 scavenges localized electrons in defects, leading to perovskite solar cell module with remarkable performance values of 18.76% (25.74 cm2) and 15.87% (65.22 cm2), respectively.

Cited by 70 publications

References 56 publications

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

Recent Developments in Upscalable Printing Techniques for Perovskite Solar Cells

Indigo: A Natural Molecular Passivator for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells

FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells: From Film Morphology Regulation to Device Optimization

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Product

Resources

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FAPbI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells: From Film Morphology Regulation to Device Optimization