Formally specified monitoring of temporal properties

Abstract

We describe the Monitoring and Checking (MaC) framework which provides assurance on the correctness of an execution of a real-time system at run-time. Monitoring is performed based on a formal specification of system requirements. MaC bridges the gap between formal specification, which analyzes designs rather than implementations, and testing, which validates implementations but lacks formality. An important aspect of the framework is a clear separation between implementation-dependent description of monitored objects and high-level requirements specification. Another salient feature is automatic instrumentation of executable code The paper presents an overview of the framework. languages to express monitoring scripts and requirements, and a prototype implementation of MaC targeted at systems implemented in Java. This material is posted here with permission of the IEEE. Such permission of the IEEE does not in any way imply IEEE endorsement of any of the University of Pennsylvania's products or services. Internal or personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution must be obtained from the IEEE by writing to pubs-permissions@ieee.org. By choosing to view this document, you agree to all provisions of the copyright laws protecting it. Author(s)Moonjoo AbstractWe describe the Monitoring and Checking MaC framework which provides assurance on the correctness of an execution of a real-time system at runtime. Monitoring is performed based on a formal speci cation of system requirements. MaC bridges the gap between formal speci cation, which analyzes designs rather than implementations, and testing, which validates implementations but lacks formality. An important aspect of the framework is a clear separation between implementation-dependent description of monitored objects and high-level requirements speci cation. Another salient feature i s automatic instrumentation of executable code.The paper presents an overview of the framework, languages to express monitoring scripts and requirements, and a prototype implementation of MaC targeted at systems implemented in Java.

Distributed system contract monitoring

“…It is for this reason that mDPi extracts temporal orderings across locations by exploiting monitor execution, as opposed to underlying system interactions as is the case with DiAna. One should also note that this latter framework specifies causal properties through PT-DTL, a distributed extension to PT-LTL; a logic with a proven track record in a runtime verification setting [21,26,27]. This points to the need for the study of more expressive logics within the setting of mDPi, and is left as future work.…”

“…An appropriate semantics should ensure that for certain execution interleavings, the two monitors would reach the same verdict because they query the same trace. The four transitions leading to (32) above correspond to the earlier transitions (24) to (27). At this point, if the second copy of the monitor M orch is to query the trace records from (k, i) onwards, it should not be able to query and introduce records other than k t(c, 5, i) and k t(d, c, i + 1) .…”

Runtime Monitoring of Software Execution Trace: Method and Tools

“…Finally, runtime checker checks the consistency of program execution with pre-defined specifications. A toolset named Java-MaC [26], implemented by Lee, can monitor temporal properties [29] and dynamic properties [48] in real-time systems [7].…”

“…Offline methods usually work in debugging work. Tracking program execution process can help perform fault localization work and replay bugs [28], [29]. This kind of method usually uses sensors to capture system calls, interrupts, context switches, and variable timestamps.…”

“…In offline methods, data-analysis work is done separately from data-collection work and the program execution process [29]. This situation has some advantages and limitations.…”