Formalized psychological services in state education programs.

State certification of school psychologists: Recent trends.

“…Certification requirements of the state departments of education have in the past contributed much toward maintaining and ensuring high standards, and have determined to a large extent the training programs for school psychologists. For an overview of the development of requirements during the last 2 decades see the following studies: Claytor (1950), Gray (1963), Hall (1949), Hodges (1960), Horrocks (1946), and Newland (1956).…”

Requirements for certification of school psychologists: A survey of recent trends.

“…In order to obtain a better understanding of the growth of the profession of school psychology, past studies of certification requirements of state departments of education have been helpful, particularly in shedding light on the standards for professional training (Traxler, 1967). The development of state certification standards for school psychologists is reflected by the following studies: Horrocks (1946), Hall (1949), Claytor (1950), Newland (1956), Hodges (I960), Nelson (1963), Gross, Bonham, and Bluestein (1966), Traxler (1967), and Bluestein and Milofsky (1970. Certainly, an examination of the existing criteria for certification of school psychologists will reflect the current nature of the school psychologist's roles and functions.…”

State certification of school psychologists.

“…The degree of change manifested in the period between November 15, 1954-the date to which Newland's (1956) information is correct-and January 1960 can readily be seen. Newland reported 20 states and the District of Columbia as having certification requirements, whereas the present study reports 23 states and the District of Columbia (Column 1).…”

“…Concerns with the current demand for school psychologists and a reassessment of the contributions psychology can make to education have led the present writer to investigate once more the criteria established by state departments of education to certify psychologists. Nine questions, many of which were used by Newland (1956), were answered by the responsible departments of all 50 states and the District of Columbia. Replies were in the form of personal letters of explanation and/or the pertinent official publications (see Table 1, Column 2).…”