Formalin toxicity to Oreochromis niloticus; its effectiveness against Cichlidogyrus spp. and host stress response

Sandoval-Gío, Juan José; Rodríguez-Canul, Rossanna; Vidal‐Martínez, Víctor M.; Fájer-Ávila, Emma Josefina; Améndola-Pimenta, Mónica

doi:10.3856/vol47-issue1-fulltext-5

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…In the present study, the cortisol and glucose levels were significantly higher in infected fish than in control non-infected ones in response to parasite infection, such as external protozoans. These results are in agreement with the findings of Marengoni et al [ 50 ], Ellison et al [ 51 ], and Sandoval-Gío et al [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Novel insights into immune stress markers associated with myxosporeans gill infection in Nile tilapia (molecular and immunohistochemical studies)

Ramadan,

Mahdy,

El-Saied

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is valued in aquaculture because of its quick development and ability to thrive in various environments. Myxosporeans are among the fish parasites that affect fish productivity, as they impact fish growth and reproduction, resulting in large fish deaths in farms and hatcheries. This study has been focused on morpho-molecular identification for the myxosporean parasites infecting Nile tilapia from three governorates in Egypt and assessment of gene expression of different cytokines (Interleukin-1βeta (IL-1β), major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), and clusters of differentiation 4 (CD-4) and 8 (CD-8)) in tissues. Additionally, this work aimed to correlate the developed histopathological alterations and inflammatory reactions in gills with immunohistochemical expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Finally, the infected fish’s cortisol levels and blood glucose were assessed. Results of BLAST sequence analysis of the 18S rRNA for the collected protozoans confirmed Myxobolus agolus, M. brachysporus, M. tilapiae, and Henneguya species. The molecular characterization of the immunological status of gills revealed marked upregulation of different inflammatory cytokines in the gills of infected fish. There was a significantly increased serum cortisol and glucose level in infected fish compared with control, non-infected ones. Severe histopathological alterations were observed in the infected fish gills, associated with increased expression of iNOS and TNF-α and related to myxosporean infection. The present study provides new insights into oxidative stress biomarkers in Nile tilapia infected with Myxosporeans and elucidates the gill’s immune status changes as a portal of entry for protozoa that contribute to tissue damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Novel insights into immune stress markers associated with myxosporeans gill infection in Nile tilapia (molecular and immunohistochemical studies)

Ramadan,

Mahdy,

El-Saied

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…These chemotherapeutic are often used for different fish species with different metabolisms and hence, their efficacy can vary according to fish and parasite species. Formalin has been recognized as an effective chemotherapeutant to control various ectoparasite diseases in fish (Allison, 1954; Andrade‐Porto et al, 2017; Chmelova et al, 2016; Fish, 1940a, 1940b; Fish & Burrows, 1940; García‐Magaña et al, 2019; Harms, 1996; Sandoval‐Gío et al, 2019; Stoskopf, 1988; Subasinghe & Yusoff, 1993). However, further review is needed regarding the adequate use of formalin and its toxicological, histomorphological and physiological effects on fish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

Tavares‐Dias¹

2021

Aquaculture Research

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The search for more effective methods and drugs to control parasites in fish farming is constant. Several studies have evaluated the effects of formalin in freshwater and marine fish and their parasites. Thus, this paper focuses on the major toxicological aspects of this chemotherapeutic including growth performance, histopathological damages, haematological and biochemical alterations, and antiparasitic efficacy. Acute toxicity (LC50—96 h) to formalin sulphate vary widely among fish species (0.1–640.0 mg/L) depending on various factors, as many fish species are sensitive to concentrations near those required for controlling and treating parasites. The toxicity of formalin on some metabolic processes leads to disturbances and imbalances to various physiological functions, particularly respiration and haematological and biochemical processes, due to histopathological damages in gills and haematopoietic organs. Formalin often affects the gills, liver, kidney and spleen, and in the gills provokes an increase in mucus and chloride cells, hyperplasia and/or hypertrophy of lamellae and epithelial lifting. Formalin used in therapeutic baths is extremely effective against various protozoan and monogenean species, which are parasites that infect gills, skin and/or fins of farmed freshwater and marine fish.

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“…In the present study, the cortisol and glucose levels were significantly higher in infected fish than in control non-infected ones in response to parasite infection, such as external protozoans. These results are in agreement with the findings of Marengoni et al [50], Ellison et al [51], and Sandoval-Gı ´o et al [52].…”

Section: Plos Onesupporting

confidence: 93%

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Formalin toxicity to Oreochromis niloticus; its effectiveness against Cichlidogyrus spp. and host stress response

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

Novel insights into immune stress markers associated with myxosporeans gill infection in Nile tilapia (molecular and immunohistochemical studies)

Novel insights into immune stress markers associated with myxosporeans gill infection in Nile tilapia (molecular and immunohistochemical studies)

Toxicity, physiological, histopathological and antiparasitic effects of the formalin, a chemotherapeutic of fish aquaculture

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