Formalin: Nephrotoxic teratogen?

Dorairajan, Gowri

doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2010.01309.x

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Formaldehyde exposure during pregnancy can significantly affect renal structural formation, and result in severe oligohydramnios with dysplastic fetal kidneys, as well as degeneration of glomeruli in other cases (Martin, ; Thrasher and Kilburn, ; Dorairagan, ). In adult rats, formalin toxicity can result in glomerular and tubular degeneration, and tubular dilation associated with oxidative stress in renal epithelium (Zararsiz et al, ).…”

Section: Prenatal Nephrotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Glycoprotein receptors have been identified on rat renal brush border membranes which bind formalin‐bound albumin and allow endocytosis (Ranganathan and Meto, ). Once intracellular, formaldehyde can be incorporated into nucleic acids and proteins with subsequent alteration of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomal enzymes through oxidative stress (Dorairajan, ). Formaldehyde is also genotoxic and can result in increased ploidy.…”

Section: Prenatal Nephrotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity

Frazier

2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The developing kidney is sensitive to both morphological and functional disturbances during the gestational and postnatal phases of growth and differentiation. Exposure to drugs or chemicals during these critical windows of renal development can result in aplasia, dysplasia, polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, or other features characteristic of nephrotoxicity, including tubule dilation, necrosis, or mineralization. Functional effects can occur without associated morphological abnormalities. Differences in the timing of nephrogenesis and morphologic renal development among species help to explain specific phenotypes of various gestational and postnatal teratogens and nephrotoxins. Functional maturation follows anatomical maturation, but important differences in maximally achieved glomerular filtration rate, concentrating ability and acid-base equilibrium between species makes comparison of these timings critical for accurate and consistent translation of laboratory animal toxicity data to the human clinical experience. Species and age dependent differences in the maturation of kidney transporters, renal xenobiotic metabolism and renal blood flow can have a profound effect on the toxicity profiles of agents and marked differences in the tolerability based on age. Advances in the understanding of the genetics of inherited renal diseases and the underlying cellular and molecular pathogenesis of renal developmental anomalies has helped provide mechanistic understanding of many teratogenic and perinatal nephrotoxic agents. Investigative studies have provided important translational and mechanistic information for assessing human pediatric nephrotoxic potential. Birth Defects Research 109:1243-1256, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

show abstract

Section: Prenatal Nephrotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prenatal Nephrotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity

Frazier

2017

Birth Defects Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Crosado-embalmed cadaveric tissues are fixated with a solution containing predominantly ethanol and stored in a solution consisting of phenoxyethanol as the major component after water [ 8 ]. However, even though in the Crosado embalming, the use of formalin is reduced to a minimum without compromising the fixation result, it must not be ignored that formalin is toxic [ 11 ], allergenic [ 12 ], and potentially even carcinogenic [ 13 14 ]. Single-use latex gloves, surgical face masks, and surgical aprons were used to avoid skin contact and reduce the inhalation of formalin fumes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A disaster victim identification workshop focused on forensic odontology using embalmed human remains

Zwirner

Duncan

2022

Int J Legal Med

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A high number of victims of mass casualty incidences are identified through their teeth. While forensic odontologists need to have a complex skillset during a disaster victim identification (DVI) response, hands-on training opportunities are rare. In countries with very limited forensic casework, such as New Zealand, many forensic odontologists find it difficult to achieve the number of annual forensic dental identifications required to maintain their credentialling. This report details the development of a hands-on forensic odontology-focused DVI workshop using human Crosado-embalmed remains. Anonymous participant evaluations, including five-point Likert and open-ended items, were performed in both years the workshop was held. A total of 10 and 17 participants, predominantly dentists, attended the workshop in 2020 and 2021, respectively. Participant feedback was extremely positive. Likert items were statistically similar between participants in both years. Open-ended items revealed positive feedback regarding the use of cadaveric remains, the gained hands-on experience, or the teamwork aspect. Participants who attended the workshop in both years commented on the positive aspect of repetition to cement their skills. As areas of improvement, participants named (for example) time management and the number of portable X-ray devices, leading to changes that were implemented in 2021. Moreover, the participants expressed interest to further their skills on decomposed, burnt, and fragmented human remains, which for ethical reasons has yet to be implemented. The DVI workshop described here, using embalmed human remains, provides an opportunity to add dental identifications toward annual credentialling requirements for forensic odontologists. Participants rated the course to be excellent overall and highly relevant for their role. For future workshops, there is an interest to include further aspects of the DVI response such as fingerprinting or police work as well as remains, which are altered due to natural or physical reasons.

show abstract

“…Exposure to FA solutions can cause irritation of the skin and allergic contact dermatitis [21,22]. FA leads to eye irritation, a dry or sore throat, mucous membranes, a tingling sensation of the nose, menstrual disorders, and pregnancy problems [23][24][25]. It is highly irritating to the upper airways, and FA-induced asthma may result from a strong allergic response [26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory

Adamović

Čepić

Adamović

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Dissecting a human cadaver is an irreplaceable practice in general training of medical students. Cadavers in anatomy laboratories are usually preserved in formalin, an embalming fluid whose basic component is formaldehyde (FA). The aim of this study is to assess the cancer risk of employees and students that are exposed to FA based on the results of three monitoring campaigns, as well as to suggest permanent solutions to the problem of FA exposure based on the results obtained. Three sampling campaigns of formaldehyde concentration in indoor environments were conducted at five different locations at the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Medicine with the purpose of assessing permanent employees’ and medical faculty first year students’ exposure to FA. Indoor air was continuously sampled during 8 h of laboratory work and analyzed in accordance with the NIOSH Method 3500. Exceeding of the 8 h time-weighted average (8 h TWA) values recommended by Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) of 0.75 ppm was recorded in 37% of the samples during the three-month monitoring campaign. Cancer risk assessment levels for permanent employees were in the range from 6.43 × 10−3 to 8.77 × 10−4, while the cancer risk assessment levels for students ranged from 8.94 × 10−7 to 1.83 × 10−6. The results of the research show that cancer risk assessment for employees is several thousand times higher than the limit recommended by the EPA (10−6) and point to the importance of reducing exposure to formaldehyde through the reconstruction of the existing ventilation system, continual monitoring, the use of formaldehyde-free products, and plastination of anatomical specimens.

show abstract

Formalin: Nephrotoxic teratogen?

Cited by 5 publications

References 23 publications

Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity

Species Differences in Renal Development and Associated Developmental Nephrotoxicity

A disaster victim identification workshop focused on forensic odontology using embalmed human remains

Occupational Exposure to Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk Assessment in an Anatomy Laboratory

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About