Formalin-inactivated bovine RSV vaccine enhances a Th2 mediated immune response in infected cattle

Kalina, Warren V.; Woolums, Amelia R.; Berghaus, Roy D.; Gershwin, Laurel J.

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2003.10.024

Cited by 61 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is most likely due to the poor induction of neutralizing antibody responses together with the formation of immune complexes between virus and antibodies, and further facilitated uptake and infection of these complexes by monocytic cells, termed antibody-dependent enhanced infection [36]. This is observed with inactivated measles [37] and RSV [34,38] vaccines.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Delrue

Verzele

Madder

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

156

126

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The aim of this review is to make researchers aware of the benefits of an efficient quality control system for prediction of a developed vaccine's efficacy. Two major goals should be addressed when inactivating a virus for vaccine purposes: first, the infectious virus should be inactivated completely in order to be safe, and second, the viral epitopes important for the induction of protective immunity should be conserved after inactivation in order to have an antigen of high quality. Therefore, some problems associated with the virus inactivation process, such as virus aggregate formation, protein crosslinking, protein denaturation and degradation should be addressed before testing an inactivated vaccine in vivo

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Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Delrue

Verzele

Madder

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

156

126

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In addition, RSV challenge of calves previously immunized with FI-RSV results in enhanced pulmonary disease in the presence of a Th2 response [66,67]. The use of recombinant vaccinia virus vaccines and DNA vaccines has been effective at reducing the development of disease in this natural host model [68,69].…”

Section: Concluding Remarks and Future Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming T-cell-mediated immunopathology to achieve safe respiratory syncytial virus vaccination

Castilow

Varga

2008

Future Virology

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SummaryRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in young children. Premature infants, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly exhibit an increased risk for the development of severe disease after RSV infection. Currently, there is not a safe and effective RSV vaccine available, in part due to our incomplete understanding of how severe immunopathology was induced following RSV infection of children previously immunized with a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine. Much of our current understanding of RSV vaccine-enhanced disease can be attributed to the establishment of multiple mouse models of RSV vaccination. Studies analyzing the RSV-specific immune response in mice have clearly demonstrated that both CD4 and CD8 memory T cells contribute to RSV-induced immunopathology. In this review we will focus our discussion on data generated from the mouse models of RSV immunization that have advanced our understanding of how virus-specific T cells mediate immunopathology and RSV vaccine-enhanced disease.

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“…This phenomenon was first observed in a human vaccine trial in the 1960s [4] and was later found to also occur in cattle immunized with formalin-or beta-propriolactone-inactivated bRSV [5,6]. Enhanced disease resulting from immunization with Fl-virus has an immunopathological basis and has now been modeled in hRSV-infected mice [2,[7][8][9] and monkeys [10] and in bRSV-infected cattle [1,[11][12][13]. In mice, immunization with inactivated virus evokes a Th-2 biased CD4 T cell response, which is associated with eosinophilia and clinical symptoms upon challenge [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, these specific virus-host relationships provide an argument to study natural host-pathogen interactions, in parallel to the murine hRSV model. The bRSV challenge model in calves is promising because FI-bRSV associated enhanced pathogenesis can be experimentally reproduced in bRSV-infected animals [1,13]: after challenge, FIbRSV immunized calves presented with severe symptoms, eosinophilia and high IgE titers, with specificity for the F protein (Antonis et al, unpublished observations).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post-vaccination secondary bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

Antonis

Claassen

Hensen

et al. 2006

Vaccine

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We have measured antiviral CD8 T cells responses in bovine respiratory syncytial virus (bRSV) infected calves that had been immunized with either formalin-inactivated (FI) or live-attenuated (L) bRSV, with evidence of immunopathology following challenge of calves vaccinated with FI-bRSV. In all cases, bRSV infection induced potent pulmonary CD8 T cell responses. The kinetics of the post-challenge response in L-bRSV immunized animals was accelerated compared to the FI-bRSV and PBS groups, suggesting that only the L-bRSV vaccine, and not the FI-bRSV vaccine, had primed memory T cells. The differences between primary and post-vaccination secondary infection were very minor, in terms of the proliferation status of pulmonary CD8 T cells. Functional IFN-␥ + CD8 responses were slightly higher in the FI-bRSV vaccinated animals. Furthermore, the existence of strong IFN-␥ + CD8 responses in FI-bRSV vaccinated animals after challenge suggests (i) that these IFN-␥ + responses in FI-bRSV immunized animals do not protect against immunopathology, and (ii) that Th-2 biased responses during bRSV challenge after vaccination with FI-bRSV have a limited impact on the CD8 responses in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Thus, several response patterns (Th-l/Th-2) seem to co-exist during bRSV infection.

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Formalin-inactivated bovine RSV vaccine enhances a Th2 mediated immune response in infected cattle

Cited by 61 publications

References 21 publications

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Inactivated virus vaccines from chemistry to prophylaxis: merits, risks and challenges

Overcoming T-cell-mediated immunopathology to achieve safe respiratory syncytial virus vaccination

Kinetics of antiviral CD8 T cell responses during primary and post-vaccination secondary bovine respiratory syncytial virus infection

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