Formaldehyde release rate coefficients from selected consumer products

Pickrell, John; Mokler, Brian V.; Griffis, Larry C.; Hobbs, C.H.; Bathija, Ambika

doi:10.1021/es00118a012

Cited by 65 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Health problems observed at VOC concentrations below workplace standards include eye irritation, chemical sensitization, and decreased mental alertness. Over the past 15 years, scientists have sought to characterize VOC emissions from such products as moth balls ( Tichenor et al, 1990;Chang and Krebs, 1992 ), carpeting ( Sollinger et al, 1993a,b;Little et al, 1994 ), construction materials (Gammage and Matthews, 1988 ), arts and crafts materials ( Thompson and Thompson, 1990 ), wood coatings and finishes, (Chang and Guo, 1992;Guo et al, 1998Guo et al, , 1999Anex and Lund, 1999 ) , paint stripper ( Girman et al, 1987 ), indoor insecticides (Bukowski and Meyer, 1995 ), herbicides tracked indoors (Nishioka et al, 1996 ), household cleaners (Kovacs et al, 1997) , fragrances in detergents and cosmetic products ( Cooper et al, 1995 ), tap water ( McKone, 1987;Tancre Âde et al, 1992;Wilkes et al, 1992Wilkes et al, , 1996, home humidifiers (Highsmith et al, 1992 ), and various combinations of products (Pickrell et al, 1983;Wallace et al, 1987;Wallace et al, 1989 ). Ott and Roberts ( 1998 ) point out the need to consider people's exposure to VOCs, and not just a chemical's toxicity or its total emissions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Riley

Small

Fischhoff

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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Home improvement is a popular activity, but one that can also involve exposure to hazardous substances. Paint stripping is of particular concern because of the high potential exposures to methylene chloride, a solvent that is a potential human carcinogen and neurotoxicant. This article presents a general methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of behavioral interventions for reducing these risks. It doubles as a model that assesses exposure patterns, incorporating user time ± activity patterns and risk -mitigation strategies. The model draws upon recent innovations in indoor air -quality modeling to estimate exposure through inhalation and dermal pathways to paint -stripper users. It is designed to use data gathered from home paint -stripper users about room characteristics, amount of stripper used, time ± activity patterns and exposure -reduction strategies ( e.g., increased ventilation and modification in the timing of stripper application, scraping, and breaks ) . Results indicate that the effectiveness of behavioral interventions depends strongly on characteristics of the room ( e.g., size, number and size of doors and windows, base air -exchange rates ) . The greatest simple reduction in exposure is achieved by using an exhaust fan in addition to opening windows and doors. These results can help identify the most important information for product labels and other risk -communication materials.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Riley

Small

Fischhoff

2000

J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol

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“…Formaldehyde (HCOH) is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas at room temperature [Pickrell et al 1983]. It is used in the manufacturing of many products, such as plywood, paper, resins, fertilizers, cosmetics, and medications, and in household products as a preservative [ATSDR 1999;Kelly et al 1999;Khoder et al 2000].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Formaldehyde concentrations in the environment above the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit (REL) of 0.016 parts per million (ppm), can cause eye, skin, and respiratory tract irritation [NIOSH 2005]. Formaldehyde use in various building products such as urea formaldehyde foam insulation and wood products has led to research on its off-gassing rate in mobile homes and other consumer products [Pickrell et al 1983]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term monitoring of formaldehyde: comparison of two direct-reading instruments to a laboratory-based method.

Hirst

Gressel

Flanders

2009

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“…These compounds then accumulate in increasing amounts in the airtight room, which leads, in turn, to the discomfort of the inhabitant and to health-related complaints. 1 Many of these harmful organic compounds can be removed using adsorbents such as activated carbon. In such an adsorption method, however, longterm operation is limited and the absorbent saturated with organic compounds must be periodically exchanged or regenerated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde in air over titanium dioxide

Shiraishi

1999

J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol.

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The photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde in air at initial concentrations ranging from 3 to 200 mg m À3 has been studied in a semitransparent closed box with an inlet volume of 0.056 m 3 . The photocatalytic reactors consisted of a glass tube, 250 mm long with inside diameters of 28, 35, or 45 mm, whose inner surface was coated with a thin ®lm of titanium dioxide, and a 6-W blacklight uorescent lamp located at the axis of the glass tube. The decomposition of acetaldehyde was almost complete within 1±3 h and its main product was carbon dioxide. A kinetic study showed that the photocatalytic reaction obeys a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Although the light intensity was certainly decreased with the distance from the light source, the degree of this decrease was much smaller than the degree of the decrease in the kinetic constants, which suggests that the light intensity is not simply proportional to the degree of the photo-excitation of TiO 2 and the rate of the resulting photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde. # 1999 Society of Chemical Industry Keywords: photocatalytic reaction; acetaldehyde; titanium dioxide; photocatalytic reactor; batch recirculation systemVolume of a box (m 3 ) INTRODUCTIONIn highly airtight houses that have little ventilation in order to save on the amount of energy required to maintain the room temperature almost constant throughout the year, various kinds of volatile organic compounds are released from the adhesives and preservatives used in house-building materials or from furniture. These compounds then accumulate in increasing amounts in the airtight room, which leads, in turn, to the discomfort of the inhabitant and to health-related complaints.

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Formaldehyde release rate coefficients from selected consumer products

Cited by 65 publications

References 5 publications

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Modeling methylene chloride exposure-reduction options for home paint-stripper users

Short-term monitoring of formaldehyde: comparison of two direct-reading instruments to a laboratory-based method.

Photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde in air over titanium dioxide

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