Formaldehyde record from Lys glacier firn core, Monte Rosa massif (Italy)

Largiuni, O.; Udisti, Roberto; Becagli, Silvia; Maggi, Valter; Bolzacchini, Ezio; Casati, Paolo; Uglietti, Chiara; Borghi, Sergio

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(03)00474-6

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Only few studies reported HCHO and H 2 O 2 concentrations in snow, and most of them were carried out on polar sites. HCHO concentrations in polar snow samples usually range from 0.02 to 0.9 μM, with a mean value around 0.2 μM for surface snow. ,− Yet, higher maximum concentrations have been observed. For instance, Largiuni et al found an extended range from nearly 0 to 2.33 μM in Antarctica, whereas Kawamura et al showed that HCHO could range from 0.4 to 1.8 μM in snow collected in southern California.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HCHO concentrations in polar snow samples usually range from 0.02 to 0.9 μM, with a mean value around 0.2 μM for surface snow. ,− Yet, higher maximum concentrations have been observed. For instance, Largiuni et al found an extended range from nearly 0 to 2.33 μM in Antarctica, whereas Kawamura et al showed that HCHO could range from 0.4 to 1.8 μM in snow collected in southern California. Finally, Polkowska et al studied urban snow collected in Poland that showed much higher HCHO concentration (up to 90 μM) in deposited snow and with fresh snow concentrations around 2 μM.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow

Bock

Jacobi

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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A reaction mechanism to reproduce photochemical processes in the snow is reported. We developed a box model to represent snow chemistry. Constrained by laboratory experiments carried out with artificial snow, we deduced first a reaction mechanism for N-containing species including 13 reactions. An optimization tool was developed to adjust systematically unknown photolysis rates of nitrate and nitrite (NO(2)(-)) and transfer rates of nitrogen oxides from the snow to the gas phase resulting in an optimum fit with respect to the experimental data. Further experiments with natural snow samples are presented, indicating that NO(2)(-) concentrations were much lower than in the artificial snow experiments. These observations were used to extend the reaction mechanism into a more general scheme including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and formaldehyde (HCHO) chemistry leading to a set of 18 reactions. The simulations indicate the importance of H(2)O(2) and HCHO as either a source or sink of hydroxyl radicals in the snow photochemistry mechanism. The addition of H(2)O(2) and HCHO in the mechanism allows the reproduction of the observed low NO(2)(-) concentration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow

Bock

Jacobi

2010

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…This phenomenon produces precipitations highly loaded with chemical substances, which deposit on glaciers, thereby giving rise to highly concentrated springsummer layers (Largiuni et al, 2003). Summer concentrations therefore are more representative for emissions from 'regional' source regions.…”

Section: Seasonal Cycles In High-accumulation Alpine Ice Core Recordsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Depth was expressed in meters of water equivalents. Symbols indicate sample concentrations; the bold line in the plots represents the 10-point smoothed profile(Largiuni et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 99%

Variability of Anthropogenic and Natural Compounds in High Altitude–high Accumulation Alpine Glaciers

et al. 2006

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Mid-latitude glaciers represent one of the most important archive of environmental and atmospheric data. In the absence of summer melting, the accumulation of snow on the upper part of mountain chains can allow preservation of the chemical, isotopic and insoluble mineral dust composition of the atmosphere in stratigraphic sequence. The European Alps are located in an area of intense human impact, lying in between some of the most industrialized countries of the world (Italy, France, Germany) and facing the Mediterranean basin. Ice cores recovered from alpine sites above 4000 m a.s.l., where the mean annual temperature is normally below )10°C, allow obtaining precious environmental records. While low-accumulation high-altitude sites provide the longest alpine sequences (Colle Gnifetti, Italian Alps), high-accumulation sites as Col du Dome (CDD, French Alps) and Colle del Lys (CDL, Italian Alps), both located about 4250 m a.s.l. are suitable for obtaining information about the seasonal variability of some compounds. We synthesize in this work the main results from alpine ice cores investigations held by various authors, focusing on high-altitude-high-accumulation sites in particular. Behind the seasonal natural variability of the data, all records point out an unequivocal anthropogenic contribution to mid-troposphere pollution during the second half of the 20th century. These changes could have been associated also to modifications of the mean long-range atmospheric circulation patterns within the Mediterranean basin.

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“…Formaldehyde has been classified as a human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 2006). The outdoor concentration is lower than the indoor concentration (Correa et al, 2003;Grutter et al, 2005;Largiuni et al, 2003;Odabasi and Seyfioglu, 2005;Possanzini et al, 2002;Tago et al, 2005). The indoor emission sources of formaldehyde are resin products, adhesives, chipboard, fabric, tobacco smoke, and heating devices (Brown, 1999;Kelly et al, 1999;Kim et al, 2007;Lipari et al, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Formaldehyde measurements in residential indoor air using a developed sensor element in the Kanto area of Japan

et al. 2010

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This study contributed to the measurements of indoor formaldehyde levels. We have used a newly developed sensor for time-integrated measurements of formaldehyde concentrations. This sensor does not need a power supply during exposure to air, and does not need special skills to use. This research showed that homeowners successfully deployed the sensor at the desired place and desired period in their house by themselves. Formaldehyde is emitted by various off-gassing sources, such as furniture. Therefore, for example, homeowners may want to measure the change of formaldehyde levels in their house before and after installing new furniture. This sensor may also be deployed by occupants to reduce the cost of a large-scale exposure assessment study.

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Formaldehyde record from Lys glacier firn core, Monte Rosa massif (Italy)

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow

Development of a Mechanism for Nitrate Photochemistry in Snow

Variability of Anthropogenic and Natural Compounds in High Altitude–high Accumulation Alpine Glaciers

Formaldehyde measurements in residential indoor air using a developed sensor element in the Kanto area of Japan

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