Formaldehyde exposures inside mobile homes

Sexton, Ken; Petreas, Myrto; Liu, Kai Shen

doi:10.1021/es00066a009

Cited by 26 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Studies in the United States have reported levels of formaldehyde in mobile homes ranging from less than 10 to 2,840 ppb, with the majority of mobile homes under 400 ppb [18] while a similar study of formaldehyde in caravans in the US yielded concentrations ranging from 30 to 2,400 ppb [20]. Formaldehyde concentrations are particularly high in portable buildings due to the higher load factor and because they are more airtight than conventional homes [21]. The load factor of a typical mobile home is approximately 1.4 m 2 W m -3 compared to a typical load factor in conventional homes ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 m 2 W m -3 [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia

Dingle

Tan

Cheong

2000

Indoor Built Environ

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A study of 132 unoccupied and 60 occupied caravans was conducted to determine levels of formaldehyde and factors which may affect these levels. Repeat monitoring was carried out 6 months later in 50 of the occupied caravans. A questionnaire was also used to assess potential factors associated with the recorded levels. Mean formaldehyde levels of 100 ppb in unoccupied caravans and 29 ppb in occupied caravans were recorded. A negative correlation was found between formaldehyde levels and the age of caravans. There were significant seasonal differences in formaldehyde levels measured, with higher levels recorded in winter.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia

Dingle

Tan

Cheong

2000

Indoor Built Environ

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“…Formaldehyde concentrations in manufactured houses serve as an example. Concentrations in excess of 0.1 ppm were frequently encountered in manufactured houses built a decade or more ago (National Research Council, 1981;Sexton et al, 1986Sexton et al, , 1989. Today, less plywood paneling is used to finish the interiors of these houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations and Emission Rates in New Manufactured and Site-Built Houses

Hodgson¹,

Rudd²,

Beal³

et al. 2000

Indoor Air

208

169

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Concentrations of 54 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ventilation rates were measured in four new manufactured houses over 2-9.5 months following installation and in seven new site-built houses 1-2 months after completion. The houses were in four projects located in hot-humid and mixed-humid climates. They were finished and operational, but unoccupied. Ventilation rates ranged from 0.14-0.78 h-1. Several of the site-built houses had ventilation rates below the ASHRAE recommended value. In both manufactured and site-built houses, the predominant airborne compounds were alpha-pinene, formaldehyde, hexanal, and acetic acid. Formaldehyde concentrations were below or near 50 ppb with a geometric mean value for all houses of 40 ppb. Similarities in the types of VOCs and in VOC concentrations indicated that indoor air quality in the houses was impacted by the same or similar sources. Major identified sources included plywood flooring, latex paint and sheet vinyl flooring. One site-built house was operated at ventilation rates of 0.14 and 0.32 h-1. VOC emission rates calculated at the two conditions agreed within +/- 10% for the most volatile compounds. Generally, the ratios of emission rates at the low and high ventilation rates decreased with decreasing compound volatility. Changes in VOC emission rates in the manufactured houses over 2-9.5 months after installation varied by compound. Only several compounds showed a consistent decrease in emission rate over this period.

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“…The survey was also used to determine the important factors affecting HCHO concentrations. This paper addresses mainly the health effects of HCHO, while previous papers discussed other aspects of the study (14)(15)(16)(17).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irritant Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure in Mobile Homes

Liu¹,

Huang²,

Hayward³

et al. 1991

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This paper reports the irritant effects associated with formaldehyde exposures in mobile homes. Week-long, integrated fomakldehy concentratioas were nm red uing paive monitors insummer and winter while the mobile home residents continued their normal activities. Information on acute health problems, chronic respiratory/allergic illnesses, smoking behavior, de v , and time spent at home was obtned on over 1000 individuals during the sampling period. Measured formaldehyde concentrations varied from under the limit ofdetection (0.01 ppm) to OA6 ppm. Formaldehyde exposure was estiated for each individual by multiplying the concentration measured in his or her home by the time he or she spent at home. Irritant effects were found to be associated with formaldehyde exposure after controlling for age, sex, smoking status, and chronic illnesses using a logistic procedure. Some of the interaction terms found to be significant indicated that there were synergistic effects between formaldehyde exposure and chronic health problems.

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Formaldehyde exposures inside mobile homes

Cited by 26 publications

References 7 publications

Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia

Formaldehyde in Occupied and Unoccupied Caravans in Australia

Volatile Organic Compound Concentrations and Emission Rates in New Manufactured and Site-Built Houses

Irritant Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure in Mobile Homes

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