Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Exhaust Gases Emitted from an Ethanol Fueled S.I. Engine

Ito, Kenichi; Yano, Toshiaki; Takahata, Toshio

doi:10.1299/jsme1958.27.945

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Methyl nitrite has been reported as one of the new emissions from practical engines (21,22) as well as from more fundamental constant-volume combustion vessels (23). Methanol is a potential candidate of the alternative liquid fuel to petroleum, in particular as an automobile fuel in the near future.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of methyl nitrite in the surface reaction of nitrogen dioxide and methanol. 1. Dark reaction

Takagi¹,

Hatakeyama²,

Akimoto³

et al. 1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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21) Takagi, H.; Washida, N.; Akimoto, H.; Okuda, M. Spectrosc. Lett.-1982, 15, 145-152. (22) Winer, A. M.; Graham, R. A.; Doyle, G. J.; Bekowies, P. J.; McAfee, J. M.; Pitts, J. N., Jr.CH,OH + 2 N 0 2 -CH30N0 + HN03 (1) is of much interest t o t h e atmospheric chemist in t h a t (i) i t could be a possible major source of methyl nitrite in t h e polluted atmosphere particularly when methanol is used as automobile fuel and (ii) it is an analogue to the reaction of water a n d NOz,H20 + 2NOZ -HONO + HN03T h e reaction of nitrogen dioxide and methanol, which has been known in the gas phase to proceed thermally as CH,OH + 2 N 0 2 -CH30N0 + "OB, was found t o proceed heterogeneously on various surfaces as well, in an 11-L Pyrex cell and a 6065-L evacuable smog d m n b e r . An FTIR study has revealed that t h e reaction products are t h e same as in t h e homogeneous reaction, Le,, methyl nitrite and nitric acid. Neither methvl nitrate nor nitrous acid was observed. Among the surfaces studied, uncoated were found to be the most active to induce t h e surface reaction. T h e apparent activation energy of t h e surface reaction in t h e smog chamber was determined t o be -11.9 f 3.3 k J mol-I.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of methyl nitrite in the surface reaction of nitrogen dioxide and methanol. 1. Dark reaction

Takagi¹,

Hatakeyama²,

Akimoto³

et al. 1986

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Methyl Nitrite. A recently identified concern comparable to the emissions from gasoline (Ito et al 1982) is that methanol emissions vehicles. Sapre (1988) of the General Motors may react with atmospheric NOx to produce Corporation confirmed the fact that emissions methyl nitrite (CH3NO2), whicil has proved of these HC's occur during the combustion of toxic to laboratory animals but remains to be Ml00.…”

Section: Providing Adequate Ventilation During Rechargementioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of costs and benefits of flexible and alternative fuel use in the US transportation sector

1991

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“…Numerous sources of environmental exposure have been reported. These include motor vehicle exhaust; the burning of gas, oil, coal, wood, and rubbish; and photochemical smog (15)(16)(17). Concentrations reported in ambient air are usually less than 10 to 15 ppb except in cases of heavy motor vehicle traffic or photochemical smog when levels of up to 90 to 150 ppb have been reported (3).…”

Section: Occupational and Environmental Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Contribution of formaldehyde to respiratory cancer.

Nelson¹,

Levine²,

Albert³

et al. 1986

Environ Health Perspect

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This article reviews the available data on the carcinogenicity of formaldehyde from experimental and epidemiologic studies and makes recommendations for further research. Two definitive chronic inhalation bioassays on rodents have demonstrated that formaldehyde produces nasal cancer in rats and mice at 14 ppm and in rats at 6 ppm, which is within the domain of present permissible human exposure (8-hr time-weighted average of 3 ppm, a 5 ppm ceiling, and a 10 ppm short-term exposure limit). Biochemical and physiologic studies in rats have shown that inhaled formaldehyde can depress respiration, inhibit mucociliary clearance, stimulate cell proliferation, and crosslink DNA and protein in the nasal mucosa. No deaths from nasal cancer have been reported in epidemiologic studies of cohorts exposed to formaldehyde, but three case-control studies suggest the possibility of increased risk. Although excesses of lung cancer deaths have been observed in some studies at industrial plants with formaldehyde exposure, uncertainties in interpretation limit the evaluation of these findings. Excess cancers of the brain and of lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues have been reported in certain studies of industrial groups and in most studies of formaldehyde-exposed professionals, but whether these excesses are related to formaldehyde exposure is not known. Several properties of formaldehyde pose unique problems for future research: the mechanisms responsible for its nonlinear response; its probable mechanism of carcinogenic action as a cross-linking agent; its formation in tissues as a normal metabolite; its possible action as a promoter and/or a cocarcinogen; and the importance of glutathione as a host defense at low exposure.

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Formaldehyde and Acetaldehyde in Exhaust Gases Emitted from an Ethanol Fueled S.I. Engine

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Formation of methyl nitrite in the surface reaction of nitrogen dioxide and methanol. 1. Dark reaction

Formation of methyl nitrite in the surface reaction of nitrogen dioxide and methanol. 1. Dark reaction

Assessment of costs and benefits of flexible and alternative fuel use in the US transportation sector

Contribution of formaldehyde to respiratory cancer.

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