“…To design an instrument with which modelling frameworks can be compared: (a) existing comparisons of languages and frameworks were studied and analysed (Treur & Wetter, 1993;Harmelen, Lopez de Mántaras, Malec & Treur, 1993;Fensel & Harmelen, 1994;Linster, 1991Linster, , 1994Fensel, 1995;Schreiber & Birmingham, 1996); (b) a number of frameworks and languages were analysed on the basis of available literature (including Mazza, Fairclough, Melton, de Pablo, Scheffer, and Stevens, 1994;Sage & Palmer, 1990;Revise, 1996) and, in some cases on the basis of handson experience; and (c) research groups (from the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Universiteit van Amsterdam, University of Karlsruhe, Stanford University, Open University and Université de Paris-Sud) evaluated the instrument and the specific results for their modelling framework.…”