Formal Requirement Enforcement on Smart Contracts Based on Linear Dynamic Logic

Sato, Naoto; Tateishi, Takaaki; Amano, Shunichi

doi:10.1109/cybermatics_2018.2018.00181

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition, our observations coincide with the opinion of He et al [103] that smart contracts operating on different platforms require substantially different approaches to specification and vulnerability detection. Although Table 2 demonstrates that a vast majority of approaches concentrate on verification of Ethereum smart contracts, our study includes the work on Bitcoin [18,26], Tezos [38,39,168], Hyperledger Fabric [14,36,81,114,138,173,213], EOS [103,125,166].…”

Section: Open Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While Hyperledger Fabric contracts written in Java can be verified directly [35,36], Solidity smart contracts are preliminarily translated to Java [9]. Dynamic logic can be seen as an extension of Hoare logic and is also used to define an executable specification for smart contracts [173]. The concepts related to dynamic logic are discussed in more detail in Sect.…”

Section: Program Logicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other logics include deontic and defeasible logics, which help to define the rights and obligations of smart contracts' parties in accordance with a legal contract. As specifications in temporal [142,188], dynamic [173], and deontic logics [45,83] capture high-level behavioral characteristics of a system, they are used to synthesize correct-bydesign smart contracts. Propositional and predicate logics usually convey factual statements about the contract's state over the traces.…”

Section: Formal Specifications For Smart Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dynamic logic allows formulating properties it terms of actions taking the termination of a program into consideration. The authors of [173] propose a DSL for smart contract implementation based on properties written in Linear Dynamic Logic on finite traces (LDL f ). Owing to a higher expressiveness compared to LTL, LDL f is used to directly define models of a smart contract for model checking, instead of specification of its state-transition model in a separate modeling language, such as Promela.…”

Section: Formal Specifications For Smart Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This approach also enables description of common principles of a contract operation, e.g., that removal of a comment cannot happen if nothing has been published. It general, formal representations of rights and obligations in smart legal contracts were discussed with regard to various formalisms including deontic logic [28], automata-based specifications [27], a domain-specific language based on LDL f [173], set-based frameworks [31,211], and some others. The authors of [146] verify the formal contractual model of a data selling smart contract against typical contractual problems, such as clause duplication.…”

Section: Assetmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 4 more Smart Citations

A Survey of Smart Contract Formal Specification and Verification

Tolmach

Lin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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A smart contract is a computer program which allows users to define and execute transactions automatically on top of the blockchain platform. Given the significance of smart contracts in supporting important activities across industry sectors including supply chain, finance, legal and medical services, there is a strong demand for verification and validation techniques. Yet, the vast majority of smart contracts lack any kind of formal specification, which is essential for establishing their correctness. In this survey, we investigate formal models and specifications of smart contracts presented in the literature and present a systematic overview in order to understand the common trends. We also discuss the current approaches used in verifying such property specifications and identify gaps with the hope to recognize promising directions for future work.

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Section: Open Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Program Logicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formal Specifications For Smart Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Formal Specifications For Smart Contractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Assetmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Survey of Smart Contract Formal Specification and Verification

Tolmach

Lin

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Design of blockchain-based applications using model-driven engineering and low-code/no-code platforms: a structured literature review

2023

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The creation of blockchain-based software applications requires today considerable technical knowledge, particularly in software design and programming. This is regarded as a major barrier in adopting this technology in business and making it accessible to a wider audience. As a solution, low-code and no-code approaches have been proposed that require only little or no programming knowledge for creating full-fledged software applications. In this paper we extend a review of academic approaches from the discipline of model-driven engineering as well as industrial low-code and no-code development platforms for blockchains. This includes a content-based, computational analysis of relevant academic papers and the derivation of major topics. In addition, the topics were manually evaluated and refined. Based on these analyses we discuss the spectrum of approaches in this field and derive opportunities for further research.

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