Formal Modeling and Verification of a Federated Byzantine Agreement Algorithm for Blockchain Platforms

Yoo, Junghun; Jung, Youlim; Shin, Donghwan; Bae, Minhyo; Jee, Eunkyoung

doi:10.1109/iwbose.2019.8666514

Cited by 19 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The Blockchain is powerful due to this property; accordingly, it is typically known as a distributed database. A decentralized distribution means that trust among participants is not necessary to manage Blockchain [35]. The database depends on a chain structure.…”

Section: A Blockchain Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Dhib²,

et al. 2022

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The use of Blockchain technology has recently become widespread. It has emerged as an essential tool in various academic and industrial fields, such as healthcare, transportation, finance, cybersecurity, and supply chain management. It is regarded as a decentralized, trustworthy, secure, transparent, and immutable solution that innovates data sharing and management. This survey aims to provide a systematic review of Blockchain application to intelligent transportation systems in general and the Internet of Vehicles (IoV) in particular. The survey is divided into four main parts. First, the Blockchain technology including its opportunities, relative taxonomies, and applications is introduced; basic cryptography is also discussed. Next, the evolution of Blockchain is presented, starting from the primary phase of pre-Bitcoin (fundamentally characterized by classic cryptography systems), followed by the Blockchain 1.0 phase, (characterized by Bitcoin implementation and common consensus protocols), and finally, the Blockchain 2.0 phase (characterized by the implementation of smart contracts, Ethereum, and Hyperledger). We compared and identified the strengths and limitations of each of these implementations. Then, the state of the art of Blockchain-based IoV solutions (BIoV) is explored by referring to a large and trusted source database from the Scopus data bank. For a well-structured and clear discussion, the reviewed literature is classified according to the research direction and implemented IoV layer. Useful tables, statistics, and analysis are also presented. Finally, the open problems and future directions in BIoV research are summarized.

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Section: A Blockchain Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Dhib²,

et al. 2022

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“…Within the area of Electronic Trading Systems (ETSs) there is a trend of application of FM to decentralized systems such as blockchain-based cryptocurrencies. These works range from verifying algorithms in a cryptocurrency platform [273], analysis of Ethereum smart contracts [124] to verification of the blockchain system as a whole [90]. Other works have considered building models of Europay Master Visa standard by use of automata learning techniques [2] or use of lightweight formal specification in fraud detection [213].…”

Section: Financialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Practical Formal Methods for Security

et al. 2022

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In today’s world, critical infrastructure is often controlled by computing systems. This introduces new risks for cyber attacks, which can compromise the security and disrupt the functionality of these systems. It is therefore necessary to build such systems with strong guarantees of resiliency against cyber attacks. One way to achieve this level of assurance is using formal verification, which provides proofs of system compliance with desired cyber security properties. The use of Formal Methods (FM) in aspects of cyber security and safety-critical systems are reviewed in this article. We split FM into the three main classes: theorem proving, model checking and lightweight FM. To allow the different uses of FM to be compared, we define a common set of terms. We further develop categories based on the type of computing system FM are applied in. Solutions in each class and category are presented, discussed, compared and summarised. We describe historical highlights and developments and present a state-of-the-art review in the area of FM in cyber security. This review is presented from the point of view of FM practitioners and researchers, commenting on the trends in each of the classes and categories. This is achieved by considering all types of FM, several types of security and safety-critical systems and by structuring the taxonomy accordingly. The article hence provides a comprehensive overview of FM and techniques available to system designers of security-critical systems, simplifying the process of choosing the right tool for the task. The article concludes by summarising the discussion of the review, focusing on best practices, challenges, general future trends and directions of research within this field.

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“…In Federated Byzantine Algorithm (FBA) [22] each potential validator randomly selects a group of other validators and forms a quorum. The validators then share their quorums.…”

Section: B Consensus Algorithmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The usage of leadership algorithms in blockchain is not new. POET [21] , POA [20], and FBA [22] employ leadership algorithms where the leader eventually appends one single block in the blockchain. Tree-chain significantly reduces the packet and processing overhead for selecting a leader by extending the duration that a leader is valid, while ensuring the randomness of the transactions that the leader can store.…”

Section: Tree-chainmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tree-Chain: A Fast Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for IoT Applications

Dorri¹,

Jurdak²

2020

Preprint

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Blockchain has received tremendous attention in non-monetary applications including the Internet of Things (IoT) due to its salient features including decentralization, security, auditability, and anonymity. Most conventional blockchains rely on computationally expensive consensus algorithms, have limited throughput, and high transaction delays. In this paper, we propose tree-chain a scalable fast blockchain instantiation that introduces two levels of randomization among the validators: i) transaction level where the validator of each transaction is selected randomly based on the most significant characters of the hash function output (known as consensus code), and ii) blockchain level where validator is randomly allocated to a particular consensus code based on the hash of their public key. Tree-chain introduces parallel chain branches where each validator commits the corresponding transactions in a unique ledger. Implementation results show that tree-chain is runnable on low resource devices and incurs low processing overhead, achieving near real-time transaction settlement.

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Formal Modeling and Verification of a Federated Byzantine Agreement Algorithm for Blockchain Platforms

Cited by 19 publications

References 16 publications

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

Blockchain Technology for Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Systematic Literature Review

A Survey of Practical Formal Methods for Security

Tree-Chain: A Fast Lightweight Consensus Algorithm for IoT Applications

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