Formal and informal material aid following the 2010 Haiti earthquake as reported by camp dwellers

Versluis, Anna

doi:10.1111/disa.12050

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…not necessarily a tent but rolls of plastic, as a tent is appropriate in cities [15,64] but not necessary in rural areas where farmers have access to wood to build poles).…”

Section: Reusablementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Chapagain

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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Here, we review the impacts of recent natural disasters in developing countries on rural agriculture and livelihoods with the objective of understanding gaps and providing recommendations. Lessons from these disasters demonstrate that national governments, aid agencies, and international/non-governmental organizations (I/NGOs) are effective primarily at distributing short-term products (e.g. food packages and tarpaulin) to cities. Such products are inexpensive, simple to procure, and easily quantifiable for donors. Unfortunately, the literature suggests that many national governments and foreign NGOs are ineffective at assisting rural farmers in the short and long term. Given that the global community is somewhat effective at distributing short-term products, we suggest that a similar strategy should be developed for rural areas, but focusing on products that can assist farm households. There appears to be a gap in knowledge of effective products that can target such households after a disaster. We propose an emergency sustainable agriculture kit (eSAK) framework for disaster relief in rural areas that involves a comprehensive list of products that can be combined into packages to address the needs of shelter, hunger, first aid, seeds, preservation of indigenous crop varieties, and post-disaster labour shortages. We also propose ideas on how to re-purpose relief products provided to urban areas to assist with farm needs. Products highlighted are rolls of agricultural-grade plastics, low-oxygen grain storage bags, waterproof gardening gloves, multi-use shovels, seeds of early maturing crops, fertilizers, inexpensive farming tools, temporary food support, and first-aid kits. These products are needed, inexpensive, labour efficient, compact, lightweight, available/procurable on a large scale, simple, and re-usable. Furthermore, correct use and re-purposing of the products can be explained using accompanying graphical illustrations, which is critical for rural illiterate households. As distribution to rural areas is a challenge, especially after a disaster, we propose the use of pre-existing alcohol/cigarette/snackfood distribution networks as a novel strategy for rural disaster relief. These efforts must be in partnership with local officials and grassroots organizations, with dedicated funding from governments and international aid agencies. It is hoped that global stakeholders will benefit from these recommendations to assist affected farmers after a crisis.

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“…not necessarily a tent but rolls of plastic, as a tent is appropriate in cities [15,64] but not necessary in rural areas where farmers have access to wood to build poles).…”

Section: Reusablementioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Chapagain

Raizada

2017

Agric & Food Secur

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“…Our examination of the Haiti cholera epidemic is framed by a broader geographical concern with the impacts and consequences of the Haiti earthquake of January 2010, including environmental health risks (Curtis et al 2013;Widmer et al 2014), post-disaster mobility, humanitarian logistics and aid (Sheller 2013;Versluis 2014), environmental sustainability (Abrahams 2014), cultural legacies (Cruse 2013) and representations of disaster vulnerability (Taylor 2013). As a contribution to this broader literature, we present a medical geographical perspective on the national spread dynamics and spatial structure of the postearthquake cholera epidemic, October 2010-March 2013.…”

Section: The Study and Layout Of The Articlementioning

confidence: 99%

Geographical Perspectives on Epidemic Transmission of Cholera in Haiti, October 2010 Through March 2013

Smallman–Raynor

Cliff

Barford

2015

Annals of the Association of American Geographers

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The current epidemic of El Tor cholera in the Caribbean republic of Haiti is one of the largest single outbreaks of the disease ever recorded. The prospects are that the epidemic will continue to present challenges to workers in public health medicine, epidemiology and allied fields in the social sciences for years to come. This article introduces geographers to the environmental context of the Haiti cholera epidemic, the principal data sources available to analyze the occurrence of the epidemic, and evidence regarding its geographical origins and dispersal during the first thirty months of the epidemic, October 2010-March 2013. Using weekly case data collated by the Haitian Ministère de la Santé Publique et de la Population (MSPP), techniques of time series analysis are used to examine inter-and intra-departmental patterns of cholera activity. Our analysis demonstrates a pronounced lag structure to the spatial development of the epidemic (Artibonite and northern departments  Ouest and metropolitan Port-au-Prince  southern departments). Observed variations in levels of epidemiological integration, both within and between departments, provide new perspectives on the spatio-temporal evolution of the epidemic to its March 2013 pattern.

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“…They provided three‐year (before, disaster year, after) graphs that showed increases in the year after disasters, but they did not examine any long‐term trends. More recently, Versluis (, p. 53) cited Fagan () as indicating that remittances were ‘thought to increase following disasters’. Fagan () in fact was highly nuanced in her paper when discussing significant rises (as reported by the World Bank) in remittances in Haiti following Tropical Storm Jeanne in September 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remittances as aid following major sudden‐onset natural disasters

et al. 2017

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There is a general assumption, based on macroeconomic studies, that remittances will rise following major sudden-onset natural disasters. This is confirmed by a few assessments involving country-specific research, and usually short-term data. This study, questioning conventional wisdom, reviewed and graphed annual and quarterly remittance flows using International Monetary Fund and World Bank data from 2000-14 for 12 countries that confronted 18 major natural disasters. It found that, regardless of event type, annual remittances rose steadily from 2000-14 except for after the 2008-09 financial crisis. Post disaster, there was a quarterly increase in the majority of cases (confirming previous research) but there was seldom an annual increase in the year of the disaster greater than the average annual increase in 2000-14. It appears that remittance senders rush to provide assistance after a natural disaster, but since their own financial situation has not changed, the immediate increase is compensated by a later decrease.

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Formal and informal material aid following the 2010 Haiti earthquake as reported by camp dwellers

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Impacts of natural disasters on smallholder farmers: gaps and recommendations

Geographical Perspectives on Epidemic Transmission of Cholera in Haiti, October 2010 Through March 2013

Remittances as aid following major sudden‐onset natural disasters

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