Formal Analysis of Extended Well-Clear Boundaries for Unmanned Aircraft

Muñoz, César; Narkawicz, Anthony

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-40648-0_17

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The definition of τ mod is [2] (1) where r andṙ are the horizontal range and range rate between the intruding aircraft and the UAS, respectively. The value of D mod must be equal to HMD * to avoid the undesirable on-and-off alert during some constant velocity encounters [20].…”

Section: Appendix: Daa Well Clear and Conflict Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Detect and Avoid Alerting Performance with Limited Surveillance Volume for Non-Cooperative Aircraft

Lee

Cone

2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

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This paper investigates effects of limited surveillance volume on the alerting performance of a Detect and Avoid (DAA) system for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS). The surveillance volume accounts for an airborne sensor capable of detecting non-cooperative aircraft. Independent variables include four candidate DAA Well Clear (DWC) definitions and five surveillance volumes. Open-loop alerting performance metrics are computed from the results of running a reference DAA algorithm on a large number of synthesized encounters. The speed range for the UAS traffic considered is between 40 and 100 kts. Results show that, with a 2.5 nmi sensor range, all four candidate DWCs allow at least an average of 25 seconds warning alert times before a loss of DWC. Cumulative distributions of the intruder's bearing and elevation at the first warning alert suggest that ±10 • and ±140 • , respectively, are sufficient for alerting > 95% of the encounters that lead to losses of DWC.

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Section: Appendix: Daa Well Clear and Conflict Zonementioning

confidence: 99%

Detect and Avoid Alerting Performance with Limited Surveillance Volume for Non-Cooperative Aircraft

Lee

Cone

2019

AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum

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“…Detect and Avoid Alerting Logic for Unmanned Systems (DAIDALUS) 4 is a software library that implements a configurable detect and avoid (DAA) concept intended to support the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems into civil airspace [17], [36]. The core services provided by DAIDALUS are situational awareness through alerting logic, conflict detection (CD) and maneuver guidance.…”

Section: E Daidalus: a Reference Daa Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this situation DAA systems should give directive maneuvers, such that the sUAS regains its previous state. Both of these functions are related to a well clear notion, which is mainly viewed as protection volume around UAS, referred to as well clear volume (WCV) [9], [35], [36]. This volume can be specified by spatial thresholds, temporal thresholds, or both at the same time, referred to as separation minima in this work.…”

Section: The Well Clear Concept and Near Mid Air Collisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying Well Clear for Autonomous Small UAS

2022

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Air traffic safety is the primary concern when it comes to the integration of Unmanned Aircraft Systems in the civil airspace. At the tactical level, the goal is to quantify en-route safety through pairwise separation minima. Unmanned Aircraft Systems make use of Detect and Avoid systems to remain, or regain well clear from other aircraft. There is already a well clear definition adopted for large Unmanned Aircraft Systems, however, this definition is not adequate and applicable to small Unmanned Aircraft Systems operating in low altitudes. In order to ensure the safe separation of various types of sUAS with different performances, a self-separation method is proposed. The method is based on dynamic protection zone, an early concept developed by US Air Force and later adapted into a time-based Detect and Avoid self-separation method. This paper outlines an engineering approach on designing a generic methodology, to define well clear among small Unmanned Aircraft Systems. For this purpose, both unmanned aircraft and systems performance are considered. Furthermore, we specify and recommend appropriate well clear thresholds and Detect and Avoid alerting times, based on the results the severity of loss of well clear. Several influencing factors such encounter geometry, speed and uncertainties in Communication, Navigation and Surveillance systems are examined to obtain efficient separation criteria.

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“…In [34], the authors propose a correction for an unwanted behavior that can potentially present when two unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) fly in close proximity. The authors formalize and prove the correctness of their proposal in the Prototype Verification System (PVS) [35].…”

Section: Theorem Provingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Verification and Validation for Space Autonomous Systems

et al. 2021

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Purpose of Review The deployment of hardware (e.g., robots, satellites, etc.) to space is a costly and complex endeavor. It is of extreme importance that on-board systems are verified and validated through a variety of verification and validation techniques, especially in the case of autonomous systems. In this paper, we discuss a number of approaches from the literature that are relevant or directly applied to the verification and validation of systems in space, with an emphasis on autonomy. Recent Findings Despite advances in individual verification and validation techniques, there is still a lack of approaches that aim to combine different forms of verification in order to obtain system-wide verification of modular autonomous systems. Summary This systematic review of the literature includes the current advances in the latest approaches using formal methods for static verification (model checking and theorem proving) and runtime verification, the progress achieved so far in the verification of machine learning, an overview of the landscape in software testing, and the importance of performing compositional verification in modular systems. In particular, we focus on reporting the use of these techniques for the verification and validation of systems in space with an emphasis on autonomy, as well as more general techniques (such as in the aeronautical domain) that have been shown to have potential value in the verification and validation of autonomous systems in space.

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Formal Analysis of Extended Well-Clear Boundaries for Unmanned Aircraft

Cited by 14 publications

References 3 publications

Detect and Avoid Alerting Performance with Limited Surveillance Volume for Non-Cooperative Aircraft

Detect and Avoid Alerting Performance with Limited Surveillance Volume for Non-Cooperative Aircraft

Quantifying Well Clear for Autonomous Small UAS

A Review of Verification and Validation for Space Autonomous Systems

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