Formal Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation of Crowd Behaviour in Emergency Evacuation Plans

Stamatopoulou, Ioanna; Sakellariou, Ilias; Kefalas, Petros

doi:10.1109/ictai.2012.161

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…to-report state-def-of-persons report (list state "No Emergency" # x-func "perceive-danger" goto "Looking for Plan" # otherwise do "nothing" goto "No Emergency" end-state ... state "Evacuating" # x-func "loosing-group-member" goto "Searching Group Members" # x-func "get-dissoriented" goto "Exploring" # x-func "plan-failed" goto "Exploring" # x-func "find-exit" goto "Exiting" # x-func "reach-next" goto "Evacuating" # x-func "move-to-next" goto "Evacuating" # x-func "exiting-room" goto "Evacuating" # otherwise do "nothing" goto "Evacuating" end-state ... end e X functions that annotate transitions, are directly encoded as reporters, although the semantics of the results they return are handled by a meta-interpreter, discussed below. This encoding is different that that reported in (Stamatopoulou et al, 2012) that uses Prolog as the language for encoding functions, and has increased efficiency. For instance the function: ϕ perceive-danger : (P, (ε, Pos, S,Ch), E) → ("DangerPerceived", (ε, Pos, S,Ch)) if danger ∈ P, is now directly encoded in NetLogo as:…”

Section: Evacuation Simulationcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Evacuation Simulation through Formal Emotional Agent based Modelling

Sakellariou

Kefalas

Stamatopoulou

2014

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence

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Evacuation Simulation is recognised as an important tool for assessing design choices for urban areas. Although a number of approaches have been introduced, it is widely acceptable that such simulation scenarios demand modelling of emotional aspects of evacuees, and how these affect their behaviour. The present work, proposes that formal agent modelling based on e X-machines can rigorously define but also naturally lead to realistic simulations of such scenarios. e X-machines can model agent behaviour influenced by emotions, including social aspects of emotions, such as emotion contagion. The developed formal model is refined to simulation code, that is able to visualise and simulate crowd believable behaviour.

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Section: Evacuation Simulationcontrasting

confidence: 60%

Evacuation Simulation through Formal Emotional Agent based Modelling

Sakellariou

Kefalas

Stamatopoulou

2014

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence

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“…Others studies modelled the evacuation of cities during a tsunami [9], [61], [62], [64], while other models considered the emergency of wildfires [24] and floods [73], [94]. The majority of the surveyed papers, however, did not target a specific type of emergency evacuation [2], [4], [8], [11], [18], [23], [25], [28]- [41], [50]- [52], [54], [55], [57], [66], [68], [70]- [72], [74], [76]- [78], [80], [82], [85], [87], [95]- [97]. Fig.…”

Section: B Emergency Type and Environment Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Issues in Agent-Based Simulation for Pedestrians Evacuation

2020

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Crowd evacuation in emergencies may lead to fatalities if the evacuation plans were not tested and evaluated. Traditionally, evacuation drills have been, and still are, being used to assess evacuation plans. However, in recent years the simulation of evacuation plans during emergencies has emerged as a strong alternative that is cost effective and potentially more accurate. Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) is the preferred type of simulation for evacuation scenarios, due to its ability to model individual decisionmaking and social behaviour. In this paper we conduct meta-analysis of eighty-one peer-reviewed papers published between 2009 and 2019 that used ABS to model pedestrian evacuation. Our analysis assesses the current state-of-art and identifies opportunities for improvement. We identify seven dimensions over which the surveyed papers agree or differ. The dimensions include purpose of the simulation, type of emergency and environment considerations, type and scale of evacuated space, simulation software used, agents' characteristics and behaviour, support of evacuation policies, and analysis and validation. We conduct meta-analysis of the surveyed papers along the identified dimensions. One of the main findings of our analysis is the lack of a standardized validation methodology for ABS of emergency evacuation.

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“…Helbing et al [3] employ the social force model, combined with social psychology and physics models for the first time, to describe the panic behavior in evacuation. After that, the lattice gas model [11], multigrid model [12], agent-based model [5], virtual hindrance model [13], etc., have also been proposed to describe the dynamical behaviors of the emergency crowd. The commonness among these methods is that they choose some typical characteristics of the crowd first, and then use corresponding models to describe different evacuation behaviors.…”

Section: Crowd Evacuation With Social or Physical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent research efforts of crowd simulation in emergency circumstances have been mostly focused on those situations where there is only one hazard in the area of interest [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9]. However, in some real-world cases, multiple hazards may occur in the same area over a period of time, such as the two sequential bombing attacks in Boston in 2013.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crowd Behavior Simulation With Emotional Contagion in Unexpected Multihazard Situations

Xie

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cybern, Syst.

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Numerous research efforts have been conducted to simulate crowd movements, while relatively few of them are specifically focused on multi-hazard situations. In this paper, we propose a novel crowd simulation method by modeling the generation and contagion of panic emotion under multi-hazard circumstances. In order to depict the effect from hazards and other agents to crowd movement, we first classify hazards into different types (transient and persistent, concurrent and nonconcurrent, static and dynamic) based on their inherent characteristics. Second, we introduce the concept of perilous field for each hazard and further transform the critical level of the field to its invoked-panic emotion. After that, we propose an emotional contagion model to simulate the evolving process of panic emotion caused by multiple hazards. Finally, we introduce an Emotional Reciprocal Velocity Obstacles (ERVO) model to simulate the crowd behaviors by augmenting the traditional RVO model with emotional contagion, which for the first time combines the emotional impact and local avoidance together. Our experiment results demonstrate that the overall approach is robust, can better generate realistic crowds and the panic emotion dynamics in a crowd. Furthermore, it is recommended that our method can be applied to various complex multi-hazard environments.

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Formal Agent-Based Modelling and Simulation of Crowd Behaviour in Emergency Evacuation Plans

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Evacuation Simulation through Formal Emotional Agent based Modelling

Evacuation Simulation through Formal Emotional Agent based Modelling

Research Issues in Agent-Based Simulation for Pedestrians Evacuation

Crowd Behavior Simulation With Emotional Contagion in Unexpected Multihazard Situations

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