Form of day care and respiratory infections among Finnish children.

Louhiala, Pekka; Jaakkola, Niina; Ruotsalainen, R.; Jaakkola, Jouni J. K.

doi:10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1109

Cited by 139 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The decision was made to investigate noninstitutionalized infants because viral and bacterial infections are rapidly disseminated in day care centers and could affect the frequency of signs and symptoms. 15,16 Moreover, a previous study conducted in Brazil found that, at public and private day care centers, the proportion of caregivers to children aged 0 to 2 years is 1:6 and 1:9, respectively, 17 which could have a negative effect on the validity and reliability of the data. The aim of assessing the day before and after tooth eruption was based on previous studies reporting that infants exhibit signs and symptoms on days surrounding the day of eruption that may be associated with teething.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Longitudinal Study of Signs and Symptoms Associated With Primary Tooth Eruption

et al. 2011

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Currently, there is not enough scientific evidence to indicate that the eruption of primary teeth causes systemic manifestations in infants. Signs and symptoms such as fever, diarrhea, irritability, and sleep disturbance may indicate more serious conditions. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Results of this study contribute toward supporting the concept that teething is not associated with severe signs and symptoms. Thus, health professionals involved in the care of infants should seek other causes before attributing severe signs and symptoms to teething. abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between primary tooth eruption and the manifestation of signs and symptoms of teething in infants. METHODS:An 8-month, longitudinal study was conducted with 47 noninstitutionalized infants (ie, receiving care at home) between 5 and 15 months of age in the city of Diamantina, Brazil. The nonrandomized convenience sample was based on the registry of infants in this age range provided by the Diamantina Secretary of Health. Eligible participants were infants with up to 7 erupted incisors and no history of chronic disease or disorders that could cause an increase in the signs and symptoms assessed in the study. Tympanic and axillary temperature readings and clinical oral examinations were performed daily. A daily interview with the mothers was conducted to investigate the occurrence of 13 signs and symptoms associated with teething presented by the infants in the previous 24 hours. RESULTS:Teething was associated with a rise in tympanic temperature on the day of the eruption (P ϭ .004) and with the occurrence of other signs and symptoms. Readings of maximal tympanic and axillary temperatures were 36.8°C and 36.6°C, respectively. The most frequent signs and symptoms associated with teething were irritability (median: 0.60; P Ͻ .001), increased salivation (median: 0.50; P Ͻ .001), runny nose (median: 0.50; P Ͻ .001), and loss of appetite (median: 0.50; P Ͻ .001).CONCLUSIONS: Irritability, increased salivation, runny nose, loss of appetite, diarrhea, rash, and sleep disturbance were associated with primary tooth eruption. Results of this study support the concept that the occurrence of severe signs and symptoms, such as fever, could not be attributed to teething. Pediatrics 2011;128:471-476

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prospective Longitudinal Study of Signs and Symptoms Associated With Primary Tooth Eruption

et al. 2011

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“…All the studies 6,7,10,19,23,27,33,34 but two 4,12 found an increased risk of URI among children attending childcare centers. Despite the variety of methods used, the relative risks reported did not vary widely, most studies reporting a relative risk below two.…”

Section: Child-care Attendance and Child Morbidity Upper Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Two one-year historical cohort studies were conducted in Scandinavia by Petersson et al 27 and Louhiala et al 23 . In one study 27 , morbidity information of children aged 1-3 years was collected from medical records, and attendance at child-care centers and child-care homes was informed by the local authority.…”

Section: Child-care Attendance and Child Morbidity Upper Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No other information about the children was available, and no potential confounders were controlled for. The other study 23 included children 1-7 years old and all the information was collected from the parents, by mailed questionnaires, covering the past 12 months. The first study reported a crude relative risk of 1.58 (1.28-1.95) comparing ARI incidence between child care center and home-cared children.…”

Section: Child-care Attendance and Child Morbidity Upper Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In relation to children attending child-care homes, however, the results are less clear. From the five studies that reported risks separately for child-care centers and child-care homes 4,6,23,27,33 , three of them found that child-care homes presented an intermediate risk 6,27,33 , between child-care centers and home care, one found similar risks for home care and child-care homes 23 , and one found no association at al 4 . Taken together, these studies suggest that child-care homes offer a lower risk of URI than child-care centers, although stronger evidence of where this risk lies in relation to home care is still lacking.…”

Section: Child-care Attendance and Child Morbidity Upper Respiratory mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Child-care attendance and common morbidity: evidence of association in the literature and questions of design

Barros

1999

Rev. Saúde Pública

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VOLUME 33 NÚMERO 1 FEVEREIRO 1999© Copyright Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP. Proibida a reprodução mesmo que parcial sem a devida autorização do Editor Científico. Proibida a utilização de matérias para fins comerciais. All rights reserved. Revista de Saúde Pública AbstractPapers on child-care attendance as a risk factor for acute respiratory infections and diarrhea were reviewed. There was great variety among the studies with regard to the design, definition of exposure and definition of outcomes. All the traditional epidemiological study designs have been used. The studies varied in terms of how child-care attendance in general was defined, and for different settings. These definitions differed especially in relation to the minimum time of attendance required. The outcomes were also defined and measured in several different ways. The analyses performed were not always appropriate, leading to sets of results of uneven quality, and composed of different measures of association relating different exposures and outcomes, that made summarizing difficult. Despite that, the results reported were remarkably consistent. Only two of the papers reviewed failed to show some association between child-care attendance and increased acute respiratory infections, or diarrhea. On the other hand, the magnitude of the associations reported varied widely, especially for lower respiratory infections. Taken together, the studies so far published provide evidence that children attending child-care centers, especially those under three years of age, are at a higher risk of upper respiratory infections, lower respiratory infections, and diarrhea. The studies were not consistent, however, in relation to attendance at child-care homes. Children in such settings were sometimes similar to those in child-care centers, sometimes similar to those cared for at home, and sometimes presented an intermediate risk. Resumo Current Comments AtualizaçãoChild-care attendance and common morbidity: evidence of association in the literature and questions of design* Freqüência a creches e morbidade comum na infância: evidência de associação na literatura e problemas de delineamento

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