Form, Function and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mosquito Immune Peptides

Lowenberger, Carl

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-1291-2_11

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Insects recognize unique pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) [11], using pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) [12], and activate response pathways such as the IMD and Toll pathways [13] which lead to elimination of parasites through phagocytosis, proteolytic cascades, and synthesis of potent antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) [14], [15]. Most studies have looked at classical responses to parasites that move through the hemocoel to the mouthparts for transmission [16], [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes in Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti with Different Susceptibilities to Dengue Virus

et al. 2013

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Aedes aegypti is the principal vector of Dengue viruses worldwide. We identified field collected insects with differential susceptibility to Dengue-2 virus (DENv-2) and used isofemale selection to establish susceptible and refractory strains based on midgut infection barriers. Previous experiments had identified higher expression of apoptosis-related genes in the refractory strain. To identify potential molecular mechanisms associated with DENv susceptibility, we evaluated the differential expression of Caspase-16, Aedronc, Aedredd, Inhibitor of apoptosis (AeIAP1) and one member of the RNAi pathway, Argonaute-2 in the midguts and fat body tissues of the selected strains at specific times post blood feeding or infection with DENv-2. In the refractory strain there was significantly increased expression of caspases in midgut and fatbody tissues in the presence of DENv-2, compared to exposure to blood alone, and significantly higher caspase expression in the refractory strain compared with the susceptible strain at timepoints when DENv was establishing in these tissues. We used RNAi to knockdown gene expression; knockdown of AeIAP1 was lethal to the insects. In the refractory strain, knockdown of the pro-apoptotic gene Aedronc increased the susceptibility of refractory insects to DENv-2 from 53% to 78% suggesting a contributing role of this gene in the innate immune response of the refractory strain.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes in Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti with Different Susceptibilities to Dengue Virus

et al. 2013

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“…This interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors selectively activates either of two intracellular signaling pathways. In Aedes , as in Drosophila , Gram + bacterial and fungal infections induce the Toll pathway, which results in the translocation of the NF-KB transcription factor, and Gram — bacteria triggers the Imd pathway, which results in the nuclear translocation of Relish (a NF-κB-type transcription factor) and the induction of antimicrobial peptides such as cecropin and defensin (Lowenberger 2001; Bartholomay et al 2004). Although these immune pathways are conserved among mosquito species, there are differences in the molecules involved (Hoffmann and Reichhart 2002; Shin et al 2003; Meister et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential Gene Expression from Midguts of Refractory and Susceptible Lines of the Mosquito,Aedes aegypti, Infected with Dengue-2 Virus

Baron

Ursic-Bedoya

Lowenberger

et al. 2010

Journal of Insect Science

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Suppressive subtractive hybridization was used to evaluate the differential expression of midgut genes of feral populations of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Colombia that are naturally refractory or susceptible to Dengue-2 virus infection. A total of 165 differentially expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified in the subtracted libraries. The analysis showed a higher number of differentially expressed genes in the susceptible Ae. aegypti individuals than the refractory mosquitoes. The functional annotation of ESTs revealed a broad response in the susceptible library that included immune molecules, metabolic molecules and transcription factors. In the refractory strain, there was the presence of a trypsin inhibitor gene, which could play a role in the infection. These results serve as a template for more detailed studies aiming to characterize the genetic components of refractoriness, which in turn can be used to devise new approaches to combat transmission of dengue fever.

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“…This immune response is innate and, depending on the type and size of the pathogen, may involve a combination of phagocytosis (Pearson et al 1995;Kocks et al 2005;Watson et al 2005;Lemaitre and Hoffmann 2007), encapsulation and melanization (Karlsson et al 2004;Bidla et al 2005;Paskewitz et al 2006), and production of lethal antimicrobial peptides (Lowenberger 2001;Imler and Bulet 2005). Immune reactions begin with the recognition of cell-surface molecules of pathogens, known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns, by specific insect receptors (pattern recognition receptors) (Michel and Kafatos 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This interaction between pathogen-associated molecular patterns and pattern recognition receptors selectively activates either of two intracellular signaling pathways. In Aedes, as in Drosophila, Gram + bacterial and fungal infections induce the Toll pathway, which results in the translocation of the NF-B transcription factor, and Gram -bacteria triggers the Imd pathway, which results in the nuclear translocation of Relish (a NF-B-type transcription factor) and the induction of antimicrobial peptides such as cecropin and defensin (Lowenberger 2001;Bartholomay et al 2004). Although these immune pathways are conserved among mosquito species, there are differences in the molecules involved (Hoffmann and Reichhart 2002;Shin et al 2003;Meister et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection of D2S3, an Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) Strain with High Oral Susceptibility to Dengue 2 Virus and D2MEB, a Strain with a Midgut Barrier to Dengue 2 Escape

Bennett¹,

Beaty²,

Black³

2005

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Form, Function and Phylogenetic Relationships of Mosquito Immune Peptides

Cited by 6 publications

References 80 publications

Differential Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes in Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti with Different Susceptibilities to Dengue Virus

Differential Expression of Apoptosis Related Genes in Selected Strains of Aedes aegypti with Different Susceptibilities to Dengue Virus

Differential Gene Expression from Midguts of Refractory and Susceptible Lines of the Mosquito,Aedes aegypti, Infected with Dengue-2 Virus

Selection of <I>D2S3</I>, an <I>Aedes aegypti</I> (Diptera: Culicidae) Strain with High Oral Susceptibility to Dengue 2 Virus and <I>D2MEB</I>, a Strain with a Midgut Barrier to Dengue 2 Escape

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