Forgiveness and Reconciliation

Kalayjian, Ani; Paloutzian, Raymond F.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0181-1

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 119 publications

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“…Forgiveness has also been identified as a way of coping with the effects of perpetrated, man-made trauma (Chapman, 2007; Kalayjian, 2010; Schaefer, Blazer, & Koenig, 2008; Staub, Pearlman, Gubin, & Hagengimana, 2005; Worthington, 2006), including in post-conflict societies (Swart, Turner, Hewstone, & Voci, 2011) and a Sierra Leonean population (Toussaint, Peddle, Cheadle, Sellu & Luskin, 2010). Forgiveness has been defined as the mental, emotional, or spiritual process of eliminating feelings of anger and resentment toward another person for their offenses, no longer desiring or demanding punishment or restitution (Hultman, 2007).…”

Section: Healing From Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

Doran¹,

Kalayjian²,

Toussaint³

et al. 2012

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

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The decade-long civil war in Sierra Leone was declared over in 2002, but the psychological impact of the conflict remains. The purpose of this study was to determine if forgiveness is related to improved adjustment to trauma and for what demographic groups it is most useful in postwar Sierra Leone. Data were collected as part of the Association for Trauma Outreach and Prevention of Meaningfulworld's humanitarian outreach mission to Sierra Leone in March of 2009. Participants were administered a sociodemographic questionnaire that included gender, age, religion, education, and employment variables. Trauma exposure and posttraumatic symptomatology were assessed using Parts 1 and 3 of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire. Forgiveness was assessed using the Enright Forgiveness Inventory, which provides scores for total forgiveness and subscores for forgiving affect, behavior, and cognition. The role of gender and age were examined, and several significant relationships between forgiveness and trauma emerged. Trauma exposure and traumatic stress were significantly correlated, although traumatic stress showed a stronger relationship to forgiveness variables. Salient differences emerged between men and women and among older and younger participants. The strongest relationship between traumatic stress and forgiveness emerged in older women.

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Section: Healing From Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

Doran¹,

Kalayjian²,

Toussaint³

et al. 2012

Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy

Self Cite

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“…Forgiving others can play an important role in helping to achieve a sense of meaning (Frankl, 1946/1962). For Armenians, even in spite of Turkish governmental denial, forgiveness is healing old wounds (Kalayjian, 2010). It does so by eliciting a more expansive and transcendent viewpoint, developing greater perspective-taking capability, and promoting emotional and cognitive resolution which helps people make sense of and feel significant in life (Frankl, 1946/1962).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Forgiveness makes sense: Forgiving others enhances the salutary associations of meaning-making with traumatic stress symptoms.

Toussaint¹,

Kalayjian²,

Diakonova-Curtis³

2017

Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology

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Armenia is a small country in the Southern Caucasus region-independent since the fall of the Soviet regime-that is unsettled economically and politically. Research in developing societies like Armenia is limited, especially regarding how people endure adverse living conditions. The present study is the first known examination of the separate and interactive effects of meaning-making and forgiveness as they relate to traumatic stress symptomology in Armenia. Data were collected from 115 Armenian adults. Measures included traumatic stress symptoms, meaning in life, and forgiveness. Greater meaning in one's life was associated with fewer traumatic stress symptoms. The association was significantly stronger for those with higher as compared to lower forgiveness of others. Forgiving others may offer a means of facilitating meaning making as a buffer against traumatic stress symptoms in the midst of difficult social and economic living conditions.

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“…Also, Freedman and Enright [17] found out that forgiveness produces emotions that lower physiological stress and reduce post-traumatic stress disorder. This is also further explicated by Kalayjian & Paloutzian [18], "In forgiveness, positive thinking and feelings supplant negative ones. Forgiveness results from changing motivations from negative to conciliation.…”

Section: A Discussion Of Left To Tell Immaculé E Ilibagiza's Attendan...mentioning

confidence: 80%

Narrating Violence and Its Attendant to Trauma in Immaculée Ilibagiza’s <i>Left to Tell</i>

Ayo-Afolayan,

Omobowale

2024

IJLA

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The Rwanda genocide has spawned a great deal of new literary works that draw inspiration from its experience. Specifically, over the last three decades, violence and trauma are vital contributing thematic focuses in Rwandan post genocide literary works. This study was therefore designed to examine the representations of the experiences of the victims of the genocide in order to establish how violence induces trauma in the characters. Postcolonial theory and trauma were adopted as the framework basically to examine the challenges of violence perpetuated by the state against her citizens, as well as interrogate the traumatic state of the characters, while interpretive design was used for critical analysis of the text. Immaculée Ilibagiza’s <i>Left to Tell</i> inscribes different traumatic situations such as bereavement, grief, psychological dislocation, and physical threat to life, as influenced by interpersonal and collective violence to describe her experiences and that of other victims as they journey in isolation and silence as the perpetrators of the genocide lurk around their protector’s residence. The writer exposes the dangers of socio-political violence. This prose narrative helps to unburden the writer’s pains while helping others to have a grasp of the challenges Rwandans faced during the genocide. This study establishes the dangers of bad governance, the harsh realities of war and the intertwined relationship between violence and trauma.

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Forgiveness and Reconciliation

Cited by 12 publications

References 119 publications

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

Forgiveness makes sense: Forgiving others enhances the salutary associations of meaning-making with traumatic stress symptoms.

Narrating Violence and Its Attendant to Trauma in Immaculée Ilibagiza’s <i>Left to Tell</i>

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Forgiveness and Reconciliation

Cited by 12 publications

References 119 publications

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

The relationship between trauma and forgiveness in post-conflict Sierra Leone.

Forgiveness makes sense: Forgiving others enhances the salutary associations of meaning-making with traumatic stress symptoms.

Narrating Violence and Its Attendant to Trauma in Immaculée Ilibagiza’s &lt;i&gt;Left to Tell&lt;/i&gt;

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Narrating Violence and Its Attendant to Trauma in Immaculée Ilibagiza’s <i>Left to Tell</i>