Forged in flames: indigeneity, forest fire and geographies of blame in the Philippines

Smith, Will; Dressler, Wolfram

doi:10.1080/13688790.2020.1745620

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Landslide is a main geological hazard in SEA, having damaging impacts on the safety of life and property [6][7][8]. Additionally, wildfires are frequent in SEA, particularly in Indonesia, and the forests of SEA are represented as increasingly at-risk to fire [9,10]. The extent and severity of wildfire increased with the viability of the climate, and the fire susceptibility in SEA increased [11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide and Wildfire Susceptibility Assessment in Southeast Asia Using Ensemble Machine Learning Methods

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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Southeast Asia (SEA) is a region affected by landslide and wildfire; however, few studies on susceptibility modeling for the two hazards together have been conducted for this region, and the intersection and the uncertainty of the two hazards are rarely assessed. Thus, the intersection of landslide and wildfire susceptibility and the spatial uncertainty of the susceptibility maps were studied in this paper. Reliable landslide and wildfire susceptibility maps are necessary for disaster management and land use planning. This work used three advanced ensemble machine learning algorithms: RF (Random Forest), GBDT (Gradient Boosting Decision Tree) and AdaBoost (Adaptive Boosting) to assess the landslide and wildfire susceptibility for SEA. A geo-database was established with 2759 landslide locations, 1633 wildfire locations and 18 predictor variables in total. The performances of the models were assessed using the overall classification accuracy (ACC), Precision, the area under the ROC (receiver operating curve) (AUC) and confusion matrix values. The results showed RF performs superior in both landslide (ACC = 0.81, Precision = 0.78 and AUC= 0.89) and wildfire (ACC= 0.83, Precision = 0.83 and AUC = 0.91) susceptibility modeling, followed by GBDT and AdaBoost. The overall superiority of RF over other models indicates that it is potentially an efficient model for landslide and wildfire susceptibility mapping. The landslide and wildfire susceptibility were obtained using the RF model. This paper also conducted an overlay analysis of the two hazards. The uncertainty of the susceptibility was further assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV). Additionally, the distance to roads is relatively important in both landslide and wildfire susceptibility, which is the most important in landslides and the second most important in wildfires. The result of this paper is useful for mastering the whole situation of hazard susceptibility and proves that RF is a robust model in the hazard susceptibility assessment in SEA.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landslide and Wildfire Susceptibility Assessment in Southeast Asia Using Ensemble Machine Learning Methods

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2021

Remote Sensing

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“…Other studies have shown that blame seems to be a recurring feature whenever there are epidemic and pandemic (see, Markel, 2001;Wagner-Egger et al, 2011), conflicts and terrorism and environmental issues worldwide (see Radnitz, 2019;Roy et al, 2020;Smith & Dressler, 2020). Blames are common as people attempt to scrutinize the actions of others, a situation that could lead to the spread of disease, conflicts and terrorism, and environmental effects of human actions (Farmer, 2006;Radnitz, 2019;Smith & Dressler, 2020;Tuathail, 2019). For instance, historical patterns of blames and legislation were evident during the USA terrorist attack on 9/11.…”

Section: Conceptual Framing: Geographies Of Blamementioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 pandemic: Ghana and the geographies of blame

2022

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The emergence and the rapid spread of the novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) have resulted in a global public health crisis. The debilitating social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on vulnerable societies has given rise to questionings, blames, and accusations about how the pandemic has been managed at the national level. This study uses the concept of 'Geographies of blame' to investigate how the national government, citizenry and other stakeholders have blamed each other for the rise in COVID-19 cases in Ghana. The study employs a qualitative research approach and administered 45 online surveys to the residents of Accra Metropolis, Ghana, that inquired about who is to be blamed for the rising COVID-19 cases in Ghana. Our results revealed that while the government of Ghana must share the blame due to how they poorly handled the pandemic, the citizens are more to blame for the spread and continued increase of the COVID-19 cases in the country. Based on the results, the study highlights the need for a pro-active and continuous analysis of the 'babel of blame' as a useful guide to create public awareness and help governments develop and implement strategic plans to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…State forestry institutions in Europe and many European colonies criminalized fire use and pursued ideals of fire suppression (Bennett 2015;Eriksen 2007;Kull 2004;Pooley 2014). In the early twentieth century, influenced by European models, state-sponsored fire suppression was also instituted in the USA and its colonies (Pyne 2015;Smith and Dressler 2020). By then, the model of fire suppression that originated in Europe had left its mark in the reduction of wildfire activity globally (Pechony and Shindell 2010).…”

Section: The Global Influence Of European and North American Approaches To Fire Management In Tropical Savannas Since The Nineteenth Centmentioning

confidence: 99%

From colonial forestry to 'community-based fire management': the political ecology of fire in Belize's coastal savannas, 1920 to present

Smith

2021

Journal of Political Ecology

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This article examines the past century of fire management of the coastal pine savanna in Belize, drawing on archival evidence,interviews, and ethnographic enquiry into an international development project in Belize. It considers contemporary approaches that seek to use prescribed fire with the participation of local communities in relation to past practices. The Belizean savanna has long been shaped by human fire use. Its flora is ecologically adapted to fire. Yet fire has been repeatedly cast as a problem, from c. 1920, by British colonial and, later, USA foresters, and, most recently, by international and local non-governmental nature conservation organizations. Informed by different schools of thought, each of these organizations has designed programs of fire management aiming to reduce wildfire frequency. Yet little has changed; Belize's diverse and growing rural population has continued to use fire, and the savannas burn, year upon year. While the planned aims and methods differed, each program of fire management has, in practice, been similarly structured and constrained by its genesis within colonial or international development. Funding and leadership for fire management has been inconsistent. Each program has been shaped by a specifically Belizean ecology and politics, in excess of its definition of the fire 'problem' and 'solutions' to it. Powerful political elites and fire users in Belize have not seen clear incentives for the fire management supported by official policy. This analysis highlights that contemporary efforts to build more ecologically and environmentally just forms of fire management must be understood in the context of broader political struggles over land and resources.

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Forged in flames: indigeneity, forest fire and geographies of blame in the Philippines

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Landslide and Wildfire Susceptibility Assessment in Southeast Asia Using Ensemble Machine Learning Methods

Landslide and Wildfire Susceptibility Assessment in Southeast Asia Using Ensemble Machine Learning Methods

COVID-19 pandemic: Ghana and the geographies of blame

From colonial forestry to 'community-based fire management': the political ecology of fire in Belize's coastal savannas, 1920 to present

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