Forestry and the conservation of plants and animals in the tropics

Roche, Laurence

doi:10.1016/0378-1127(79)90040-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The shortfall in provision of fuelwood by the end of the century was calculated by Roche (1975); these figures were used to illustrate the impact of deforestation in Africa on the distribution of Glossina morsitans and hence on African cattle trypanosomiasis in particular (Molyneux, 1982). In this paper, we attempt to identify the effects on important vectors and the agents they transmit which can be associated with deforestation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease

1993

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SUMMARYThis review addresses' changes in the ecology of vectors and epidemiology of vector-borne diseases which result from deforestation. Selected examples are considered from viral and parasitic infections (arboviruses, malaria, the leishmaniases, nlariases, Chagas Disease and schistosomiasis) where disease patterns have been directly or indirectly influenced by loss of natural tropical forests. A wide range of activities have resulted in deforestation. These include colonisation and settlement, transmigrant programmes, logging, agricultural activities to provide for cash crops, mining, hydropower development and fuelwood collection. Each activity influences the prevalence, incidence and distribution of vector-borne disease. Three main regions are considered – South America, West & Central Africa and South-East Asia. In each, documented changes in vector ecology and behaviour and disease pattern have occurred. Such changes result from human activity at the forest interface and within the forest. They include both deforestation and reafforestation programmes. Deforestation, or activities associated with it, have produced new habitats for Anopheles darlingi mosquitoes and have caused malaria epidemics in South America. The different species complexes in South-East Asia (A. dirus, A. minimus, A. balabacensis) have been affected in different ways by forest clearance with different impacts on malaria incidence. The ability of zoophilic vectors to adapt to human blood as an alternative source of food and to become associated with human dwellings (peridomestic behaviour) have influenced the distribution of the leishmaniases in South America. Certain species of sandflies (Lutzomyia intermedia, Lu. longipalpis, Lu. whitmani), which were originally zoophilic and sylvatic, have adapted to feeding on humans in peridomestic and even periurban situations. The changes in behaviour of reservoir hosts and the ability of pathogens to adapt to new reservoir hosts in the newly-created habitats also influence the patterns of disease. In anthroponotic infections, such as Plasmodium, Onchocerca and Wuchereria, changes in disease patterns and vector ecology may be more difficult to detect. Detailed knowledge of vector species and species complexes is needed in relation to changing climate associated with deforestation. The distributions of the Anopheles gambiae and Simulium damnosum species complexes in West Africa are examples. There have been detailed longitudinal studies of Anopheles gambiae populations in different ecological zones of West Africa. Studies on Simulium damnosum cytoforms (using chromosome identification methods) in the Onchocerciasis Control Programme were necessary to detect changes in distribution of species in relation to changed habitats. These examples underline the need for studies on the taxonomy of medically-important insects in parallel with long-term observations on changing habitats. In some circumstances, destruction of the forest has reduced or even removed disease transmission (e.g. S. neavei-transmitted Onchocerca in Kenya). Whilst the process of deforestation can be expected to continue, hopefully at a decreased rate, it is expected that unpredictable and sometimes rapid changes in disease patterns will pose problems for the public health services.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease

1993

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“…The utilization of all forest resources in this sense would increase the field of activity of all foresters, by adding many cleared areas to the already managed forest lands. By offering multiple-use forest species to farmers, on marginal lands, the pressure on certain natural forests could be decreased [10]. A similar but more complex investigation should also analyse the species which provide indirect, non-monetary benefits, corresponding to the 'protection' function of the classification.…”

Section: The Need For Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agroforestry techniques in tropical countries: potential and limitations

Combe¹

1982

Agroforest Syst

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Agroforestry designates land management techniques, which implies the combination of forest trees with crops, or with domestic animals, or both. Because of their interdisciplinary character, they are of particular interest for many countries of the Third World, where an equilibrated development of all rural lands must be obtained. It is no longer tolerable to consider separately forestry and agriculture in the tropics, and to manage forest resources as an isolated ecosystem. Through his traditions, the tropical farmer is an agro-forester and it is possible to take advantage of his experience in forestry, in order to increase the yields of his agricultural crops. A sustained yield agriculture is the best protection for tropical forests. A classification of the principal agroforestry techniques is proposed and some traditional practices are described. The outstanding advantages of agroforestry in the social, economic and ecological fields suggest some principles for future investigation programs, which will still have many problems to solve.R~sum~: Les techniques agroforesti~res d~signet toutes les m~thodes de production, of a des arbres sont associ~s aux cultures agricoles, h l'61evage, voire m~me aux deux la fois. Du fait de leur caract~re interdisciplinaixe, elles s'imposent dans de nombreux pays du Tiers-Monde pour atteindre un d~veloppement harmonieux du milieu rural. It n'est en effect plus permis de consid&er s~par6ment for~s et agriculture darts les tropiques et de g6rer le patrimoine forestier en vase clos. Le paysan du Tiers-Monde est un agroforestier par tradition et il s'agit de mettre en valeur ses connaissances foresti~res pouvant am~liorer les rendements agricoles, et vice-versa. Une agriculture ~ rendement soutenu est la meilleure protection pour les for~ts tropicales! L'artiele propose une classification des principales techniques agroforesti~r6s en d~crivant quelques pratiques bien 6tablies. L'~num6ration des avantages sociaux, 6conomiques et 6colgiques de ces techniques sugg~re quelques principes pour les travaux de recherche qui doivent r~soudre les nombreux probl~mes pos~s.

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“…' Conservation thus implies more than the narrow exclusivity that is often thought as the only way of ensuring the maintenance of tropical forest ecosystems (Roche, 1979). Given the pressures and problems facing the governments of developing nations, the setting aside of large areas of potentially valuable resource as an exclusive zone of little tangible benefit is becoming more and more difficult to justify.…”

Section: The Case For Forest Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deciding the future of Uganda's tropical forests

Tabor

Johns

Kasenene

1990

Oryx

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The FFPS has been involved for some time in conservation activities in the diminishing montane forests of east-central Africa. These montane forests form an upper sector of an even more endangered medium-altitude forest formation. Throughout their distribution, medium-altitude forests have been extensively disturbed by ever-increasing human activities. Extensive areas remain only in eastern Zaire, where there ststus is uncertain, and in Uganda. The Ugandan forests are now the focus of a major internationally financed development programme.

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Forestry and the conservation of plants and animals in the tropics

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease

Deforestation: effects on vector-borne disease

Agroforestry techniques in tropical countries: potential and limitations

Deciding the future of Uganda's tropical forests

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