Forest Vegetation Monitoring and Foliar Chemistry of Red Spruce and Red Maple at Acadia National Park in Maine

Wiersma, G. B.; Elvir, José Alexander; Eckhoff, J.

doi:10.1007/s10661-006-9329-z

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Because wildfires often alter plant nutrient content [84-87], we examined whether leaf chemistry could explain observed differences in endophyte isolation frequency, diversity, and community composition as a function of fire. We found that leaf Ca, K, Mg, and N did not differ systematically as a function of time since fire.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pervasive Effects of Wildfire on Foliar Endophyte Communities in Montane Forest Trees

et al. 2015

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Plants in all terrestrial ecosystems form symbioses with endophytic fungi that inhabit their healthy tissues. How these foliar endophytes respond to wildfires has not been studied previously, but is important given the increasing frequency and intensity of severe wildfires in many ecosystems, and because endophytes can influence plant growth and responses to stress. The goal of this study was to examine effects of severe wildfires on endophyte communities in forest trees, with a focus on traditionally fire-dominated, montane ecosystems in the southwestern USA. We evaluated the abundance, diversity, and composition of endophytes in foliage of Juniperus deppeana (Cupressaceae) and Quercus spp. (Fagaceae) collected contemporaneously from areas affected by recent wildfire and paired areas not affected by recent fire. Study sites spanned four mountain ranges in central and southern Arizona. Our results revealed significant effects of fires on endophyte communities, including decreases in isolation frequency, increases in diversity, and shifts in community structure and taxonomic composition among endophytes of trees affected by recent fires. Responses to fire were similar in endophytes of each host in these fire-dominated ecosystems and reflect regional fire-return intervals, with endophytes after fire representing subsets of the regional mycoflora. Together these findings contribute to an emerging perspective on the responses of diverse communities to severe fire, and highlight the importance of considering fire history when estimating endophyte diversity and community structure for focal biomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Severe fire is often associated with changes in leaf nutrients [84-87]. Because we found that several measures of endophyte community structure were sensitive to fire, we evaluated whether systematic differences in leaf nutrient status could explain observed differences in endophyte assemblages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pervasive Effects of Wildfire on Foliar Endophyte Communities in Montane Forest Trees

et al. 2015

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“…In urban environments, red maple trees exhibit enhanced productivity [32] and increased concentration of secondary metabolites [3], which suggests red maple trees physiologically acclimate to urban conditions, yet little is known about red maple morphological and anatomical responses to urbanization.Since the turn of the late twentieth century, red maple (Acer rubrum) trees have dominated a wide range of ecological biomes, particularly forest stands in the northeastern to southeastern United States [2,33,34]. The morphology and growth characteristics of red maple in forest stands in the eastern U.S. have resulted in wide scale cultivation because of its aesthetics, marketability, and adaptability in many urban landscapes [33][34][35]. Importantly, red maple trees are a dominant tree across urban forests [36] and demonstrate healthy growth and function despite potentially harsh environmental conditions in cities [3,32].The purpose of this study was to determine changes in red maple leaf morphology and anatomy in response to urban conditions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the turn of the late twentieth century, red maple (Acer rubrum) trees have dominated a wide range of ecological biomes, particularly forest stands in the northeastern to southeastern United States [2,33,34]. The morphology and growth characteristics of red maple in forest stands in the eastern U.S. have resulted in wide scale cultivation because of its aesthetics, marketability, and adaptability in many urban landscapes [33][34][35]. Importantly, red maple trees are a dominant tree across urban forests [36] and demonstrate healthy growth and function despite potentially harsh environmental conditions in cities [3,32].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sensitivity of Stomate Size in Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Trees in Deciduous Forests to Urban Conditions

McDermot¹,

D'Amico²,

Trammell³

2020

Preprint

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Environmental conditions, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, and nutrient availability, are altered by urban conditions at regional scales with potential for impact on tree leaf structure. Our goal was to compare leaf morphological characteristics driven by physiological acclimation in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees in deciduous forests embedded in a small (Newark, DE) and a large (Philadelphia, PA) city. The study was conducted in six urban forests on eighteen mature red maple trees in a long-term urban forest network. We hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have a thicker upper epidermal layer, spongy palisade and mesophyll layer, longer and wider stomates, and lower stomate density. Additionally, we hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have lower leaf water content and specific leaf area, and greater leaf thickness, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and leaf dry matter content. Our results for stomate length and stomate width supported our predictions; red maple leaves had longer and wider stomates in Philadelphia forests than in Newark forests. The increased stomate size in red maple trees suggests potential altered gas exchange behavior and mutual abiotic stress mitigation responses in red maple to greater urbanization impacts in Philadelphia forests. This supports previous findings of possible physiological and biochemical acclimation of red maple trees to urban conditions. Furthermore, the findings from this study suggest red maple trees may be a good biomonitor of regional scale impacts in urban environments.Forests and trees have the potential to improve environment quality in urban areas through blockage, uptake, and immobilization of pollutants [12,13]. Plant leaves have the ability to trap, sequester, and compartmentalize pollutants [14,15]. Urban forest trees may also provide important benefits through pollution regulation of urban conditions. However, this is debatable due to biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) production by urban trees [16 ], and for some pollutants, like particulates, the aerodynamic effect of tree canopies can influence particulate residence time, recirculation, and concentration in urban environments [17,18]. Alternatively, urban air pollutants can affect tree growth and function; tropospheric ozone has been reported to induce visible injuries, de-regulate stomatal conductance, and reduce photosynthesis and leaf area [19,20]. These complex interactions with urban tree canopies and atmospheric pollutants may stress trees, leading to shorter lifespan even with enhanced growth rates [21]. Thus, the ability of urban trees to mitigate urban conditions and improve environment quality and sustainability of cities may be dampened by their response to altered urban environmental conditions [17,22,23].The morphological and anatomical traits in leaves can serve as a bioindicator of plant response to altered environmental conditions, specifically air [15,24] and soil [2,25,26] polluti...

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Watershed Nitrogen and Mercury Geochemical Fluxes Integrate Landscape Factors in Long-term Research Watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA

Kahl

Nelson

Fernandez

et al. 2006

Environ Monit Assess

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This paper is an overview of this special issue devoted to watershed research in Acadia National Park (Acadia NP). The papers address components of an integrated research program on two upland watersheds at Acadia NP, USA (44 degrees 20' N latitude; 68 degrees 15' E longitude). These watersheds were instrumented in 1998 to provide a long-term foundation for regional ecological and watershed research. The research was initiated as part of EPA/NPS PRIMENet (Park Research and Intensive Monitoring of Ecosystems Network), a system of UV-monitoring stations and long-term watershed research sites located in US national parks. The initial goals at Acadia NP were to address research questions about mercury, acid rain, and nitrogen saturation developed from prior research. The project design was based on natural differences in forests and soils induced by an intense wildfire in one watershed in 1947. There is no evidence of fire in the reference watershed for several hundred years. We are testing hypotheses about controls on surface water chemistry, and bioavailability of contaminants in the contrasting watersheds. The unburned 47-ha Hadlock Brook watershed is 70% spruce-fir mature conifer forest. In contrast, burned 32-ha Cadillac Brook watershed, 4 km northeast of the Hadlock watershed, is 20% regenerating mixed northern hardwoods and 60% shrub/rocky balds. Differences in atmospheric deposition are controlled primarily by forest stand composition and age. The watersheds are gauged and have water chemistry stations at 122 m (Cadillac) and 137 m (Hadlock); watershed maximum elevations are 468 and 380 m, respectively. The stream water chemistry patterns reflect, in part, the legacy of the intense fire, which, in turn, controls differences in forest vegetation and soil characteristics. These factors result in higher nitrogen and mercury flux from the unburned watershed, reflecting differences in atmospheric deposition, contrasting ecosystem pools of nitrogen and mercury, and inferred differences in internal cycling and bioavailabilty.

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Forest Vegetation Monitoring and Foliar Chemistry of Red Spruce and Red Maple at Acadia National Park in Maine

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Pervasive Effects of Wildfire on Foliar Endophyte Communities in Montane Forest Trees

Pervasive Effects of Wildfire on Foliar Endophyte Communities in Montane Forest Trees

Sensitivity of Stomate Size in Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Trees in Deciduous Forests to Urban Conditions

Watershed Nitrogen and Mercury Geochemical Fluxes Integrate Landscape Factors in Long-term Research Watersheds at Acadia National Park, Maine, USA

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