Forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics in 34 sites over Japan

Ishihara, Masae Iwamoto; Suzuki, Satoshi; Nakamura, Masahiro; Enoki, Tsutomu; Fujiwara, Akio; Hiura, Tsutom; Homma, Kosuke; Hoshino, Daisuke; Hoshizaki, Kazuhiko; Ida, Hideyuki; Ishida, Ken; Itoh, Akira; Kaneko, Takayuki; Kubota, Kaname; Kuraji, Koichiro; Kuramoto, Shigeo; Makita, Akifumi; Masaki, Takashi; Namikawa, Kanji; Niiyama, Kaoru; Noguchi, Mahoko; Nomiya, Haruto; Ohkubo, Tadayasu; Saitô, Satoshi; Sakai, Takeshi; Sakimoto, Michinori; Sakio, Hitoshi; Shibano, Hirofumi; Sugita, Hisashi; Suzuki, Mitsuo; Takashima, Atsushi; Tanaka, Nobuyuki; Tashiro, Nobutada; Tokuchi, Naoko; Yoshida, Toshiya; Yoshida, Yumiko

doi:10.1007/s11284-011-0847-y

Cited by 49 publications

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“…The data sets collated fell into two broad categories: (1) national forest inventories (NFI), in which trees above a given diameter were sampled in a network of small plots (often on a regular grid) covering the country (references for NFI data used [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] ); (2) large permanent plots (LPP) ranging in size from 0.5 to 50 ha, in which the x-y coordinates of all trees above a given diameter were recorded (references for LPP data used refs [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. LPP were mostly located in tropical regions.…”

Section: Model and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition

Künstler

Falster

Coomes

et al. 2015

Nature

719

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Phenotypic traits and their associated trade-offs have been shown to have globally consistent effects on individual plant physiological functions 1-3 , but how these effects scale up to influence competition, a key driver of community assembly in terrestrial vegetation, has remained unclear 4 . Here we use growth data from more than 3 million trees in over 140,000 plots across the world to show how three key functional traits-wood density, specific leaf area and maximum height-consistently influence competitive interactions. Fast maximum growth of a species was correlated negatively with its wood density in all biomes, and positively with its specific leaf area in most biomes. Low wood density was also correlated with a low ability to tolerate competition and a low competitive effect on neighbours, while high specific leaf area was correlated with a low competitive effect. Thus, traits generate trade-offs between performance with competition versus performance without competition, a fundamental ingredient in the classical hypothesis that the coexistence of plant species is enabled via differentiation in their successional strategies 5 . Competition within species was stronger than between species, but an increase in trait dissimilarity between species had little influence in weakening competition. No benefit of dissimilarity was detected for specific leaf area or wood density, and only a weak benefit for maximum height. Our traitbased approach to modelling competition makes generalization possible across the forest ecosystems of the world and their highly diverse species composition.Phenotypic traits are considered fundamental drivers of community assembly and thus species diversity 1,6 . The effects of traits on individual plant physiologies and functions are increasingly understood, and have been shown to be underpinned by well-known and globally consistent trade-offs 1-3 . For instance, traits such as wood density and specific leaf area capture trade-offs between the construction cost and longevity or strength of wood and leaf tissues 2,3 . By contrast, we still have a limited understanding of how such trait-based trade-offs translate into competitive interactions between species, particularly for long-lived organisms such as trees. Competition is a key filter through which ecological and evolutionary success is determined 4 . A long-standing hypothesis is that the intensity of competition decreases as two species diverge in trait values 7 (trait dissimilarity). The few studies [8][9][10][11][12][13] that have explored links between traits and competition have shown that linkages were more complex than this, as particular trait values may also confer competitive advantage independently from trait dissimilarity 9,13,14 . This distinction is fundamental for species coexistence and the local mixture of traits. If neighbourhood competition is driven mainly by trait dissimilarity, this will favour a wide spread of trait values at a local scale. By contrast, if neighbourhood interactions are mainly driven by the c...

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Section: Model and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition

Künstler

Falster

Coomes

et al. 2015

Nature

719

728

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“…Three to ten 10 × 10 m plots were randomly selected within each site, and the basal area (BA) of adult trees (diameter at breast height >1 cm) within the plots were recorded. For YMS, SHB and TAN, BA data were obtained from previous studies (Goto et al 2003, Ishihara et al 2011, Enoki et al 2013.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Seedling regeneration on decayed pine logs after the deforestation events caused by pine wilt disease

Fukasawa

2016

Ann. For. Res.

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Fukasawa Y., 2016. Seedling regeneration on decayed pine logs after the deforestation events caused by pine wilt disease. Ann. For. Abstract. Coarse woody debris (CWD) forms an important habitat suitable for tree seedling establishment, and the CWD decay process influences tree seedling community. In Japan, a severe dieback of Pinus densiflora Sieb. & Zucc. caused by pine wilt disease (PWD) damaged huge areas of pine stands but creates huge mass of pine CWD. It is important to know the factors influencing seedling colonization on pine CWD and their variations among geographical gradient in Japan to expect forest regeneration in post-PWD stands. I conducted field surveys on the effects of latitude, climates, light condition, decay type of pine logs, and log diameter on tree seedling colonization at ten geographically distinct sites in Japan. In total, 59 tree taxa were recorded as seedlings on pine logs. Among them, 13 species were recorded from more than five sites as adult trees or seedlings and were used for the analyses. A generalized linear model showed that seedling colonization of Pinus densiflora was negatively associated with brown rot in sapwood, while that of Rhus trichocarpa was positively associated with brown rot in heartwood. Regeneration of Ilex macropoda had no relationships with wood decay type but negatively associated with latitude and MAT, while positively with log diameter. These results suggested that wood decay type is a strong determinant of seedling establishment for certain tree species, even at a wide geographical scale; however, the effect is tree species specific.

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“…The tree census dataset used in this study was obtained from 39 permanent forest plots of the Monitoring Sites 1000 Project, which cover the abovementioned forest types; the project was launched by the Ministry of the Environment, Japan (see Ishihara et al ., , for details). The full dataset is available from the website of the Biodiversity Center of Japan (http://www.biodic.go.jp/moni1000/index.html, in Japanese), and a subset of the data has been published as a data paper (Ishihara et al ., ). Forest plots were established at each site, and trees with stem girth at breast height (GBH) >15 cm were measured every 1–5 years, beginning in 2004.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional‐scale directional changes in abundance of tree species along a temperature gradient in Japan

Suzuki

Ishihara

Hidaka

2015

Global Change Biology

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Climate changes are assumed to shift the ranges of tree species and forest biomes. Such range shifts result from changes in abundances of tree species or functional types. Owing to global warming, the abundance of a tree species or functional type is expected to increase near the colder edge of its range and decrease near the warmer edge. This study examined directional changes in abundance and demographic parameters of forest trees along a temperature gradient, as well as a successional gradient, in Japan. Changes in the relative abundance of each of four functional types (evergreen broad-leaved, deciduous broad-leaved, evergreen temperate conifer, and evergreen boreal conifer) and the demography of each species (recruitment rate, mortality, and population growth rate) were analyzed in 39 permanent forest plots across the Japanese archipelago. Directional changes in the relative abundance of functional types were detected along the temperature gradient. Relative abundance of evergreen broad-leaved trees increased near their colder range boundaries, especially in secondary forests, coinciding with the decrease in deciduous broad-leaved trees. Similarly, relative abundance of deciduous broad-leaved trees increased near their colder range boundaries, coinciding with the decrease in boreal conifers. These functional-type-level changes were mainly due to higher recruitment rates and partly to the lower mortality of individual species at colder sites. This is the first report to show that tree species abundances in temperate forests are changing directionally along a temperature gradient, which might be due to current or past climate changes as well as recovery from past disturbances.

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Forest stand structure, composition, and dynamics in 34 sites over Japan

Cited by 49 publications

References 0 publications

Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition

Plant functional traits have globally consistent effects on competition

Seedling regeneration on decayed pine logs after the deforestation events caused by pine wilt disease

Regional‐scale directional changes in abundance of tree species along a temperature gradient in Japan

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