Forest soils under alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia

Noordwijk, Meine van; Murdiyarso, Daniel; Hairiah, Kurniatun; Wasrin, U.R.; Rachman, Achmad; Tomich, Thomas P.

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-03649-5_20

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In Sumatra, small-scale rubber (H. brasiliensis) and large-scale timber and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) plantations are the dominant land use. See van Noordwijk et al (1995Noordwijk et al ( , 1998 for a detailed description of the climate, vegetation, soils and land use in the region and Ketterings et al (1999) for a description of slash-and-burn practices in the area. Individual samples were collected within a 30 m × 40 m plot at locations where the surface temperature of the broadcast burn had reached 100, 300 and 600 • C as measured with heat-sensitive crayons (Cole Parmer, Venon Hills, IL).…”

Section: Field Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In rubber (Hevea brasiliensis) agroforestry systems on the acidic Oxisols and Ultisols of Sumatra, phosphorus (P) is the major growth-limiting nutrient (van Noordwijk et al, 1995(van Noordwijk et al, , 1998. Under forest cover, losses of P due to leaching, erosion and/or harvest removal are limited and P accumulates in the aboveground biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soil phosphorus availability after slash-and-burn fires of different intensities in rubber agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia

Ketterings

Noordwijk

Bigham

2002

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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Land clearing fires in Sumatra, Indonesia, caused enormous environmental problems for southeast Asia in 1997, but rubber farmers as well as large rubber and oil palm plantation owners continued to slash-and-burn due to the lack of an alternative that is equally quick, cheap, and capable of improving soil fertility. A partial alternative may be found in the reduction of the fuel load before the burn by harvesting and selling a larger fraction of the wood and, thus, changing the intensity of the fire and reducing particulate and greenhouse gas emission. An adequate phosphorus (P) supply is critical to crop production in Sumatra. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of such a reduction in fire intensity on crop P availability. Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to: (1) determine P sorption capacities and affinity constants for a forest soil exposed to different fire intensities in a controlled oven experiment (heat effects only); (2) compare the sorption characteristics of oven-burned soil with field-burned soil (heat and ash addition effects); and (3) determine the effects of fire-induced changes in soil properties on indices of P availability. Sorption experiments using oven-heated forest soil showed an increase in both the maximum amount of P it can hold (P sorption capacity, X m ) and the strength with which this P is retained to soil particles (affinity constant, K) with heating to 450 • C. Field burning resulted in similar increases in X m but reduced the affinity constants in the surface 15 cm soil. The increase in X m was related to a fire-induced increase in specific surface area of the mineral fraction. The addition of ash in field burns appeared to be responsible for the observed decrease in K. The increase in X m is expected to enlarge the need for P fertilizers as soon as solution P declines to pre-burn levels. These mineralogy-based changes in P sorption characteristics of surface soil are expected to be long-term and could reduce the time period for sustained annual crop production, establishment of new rubber plantations from seeds, as well as affect soil loss and sustained rubber production. In managing the intensity of slash-and-burn fires, the farmer, thus, has to balance between short-term gains in P availability and long-term costs in increased P sorption.

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Section: Field Soil Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil phosphorus availability after slash-and-burn fires of different intensities in rubber agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia

Ketterings

Noordwijk

Bigham

2002

Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment

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“…The Bungo river joins the Batang Hari in the fl at or mildly undulating lowland peneplain that forms most of Jambi province, with elevations ranging from 50 to 150 m (a.s.l.). Soils of the lowland peneplain are very acid, have low fertility status, leached soils (Ultisols) deposited under marine conditions in the past, with higher clay contents close to the river (van Noordwijk et al, 1998). The piedmont hills were built mainly by granite and andesitic lava.…”

Section: A Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The upland rice -crop fallow systems that had been the mainstay of the local economy were replaced with RAFs, of various management intensities (Gouyon et al, 1993;van Noordwijk et al, 1998). Complex RAF is characterized by a substantial share of rubber trees in the total tree biomass, but also by a large diversity in species of native forest trees and understory plants (Laumonier, 1997;Beukema et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trees and Regeneration in Rubber Agroforests and Other Forest-Derived Vegetation in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia)

2008

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The rubber agroforests (RAF) of Indonesia provide a dynamic interface between natural processes of forest regeneration and human's management targeting the harvesting of latex with minimum investment of time and fi nancial resources. The composition and species richness of higher plants across an intensifi cation gradient from forest to monocultures of tree crops have been investigated in six land use types (viz. secondary forest, RAF, rubber monoculture, oil palm plantation, cassava fi eld and Imperata grassland) in Bungo, Jambi Province, Indonesia. We emphasize comparison of four different strata (understory, seedling, sapling and tree) of vegetation between forest and RAF, with specifi c interest in plant dependence on ectomycorrhiza fungi. Species richness and species accumulation curves for seedling and sapling stages were similar between forest and RAF, but in the tree stratum (trees > 10 cm dbh) selective thinning by farmers was evident in a reduction of species diversity and an increase in the proportion of trees with edible parts. Very few trees dependent on ectomycorrhiza fungi were encountered in the RAF. However, the relative distribution of early and late successional species as evident from the wood density distribution showed no difference between RAF and forest.

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“…The Way Kanan (formerly part of N. Lampung) ASB benchmark area represents a landscape that was deforested in the 1980s, with logging followed by conversion to a large sugarcane and industrial tree (HTI) plantations and resettlement of "forest squatters" (spontaneous migrants from Java who came to the fertile soils of the Lampung mountains to establish coffee gardens and were resettled on the much poorer soils of the lowland peneplain (Van Noordwijk et al 1998). The farming systems of these translocated migrants was designed around intensive food crop production systems.…”

Section: Way Kanan Asb Benchmarkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon forestry: who will benefit?: proceedings of Workshop on Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Livelihoods, held in Bogor on 16-17 February 2005

Murdiyarso¹,

Herawati²

2005

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Forest soils under alternatives to slash-and-burn agriculture in Sumatra, Indonesia

Cited by 18 publications

References 5 publications

Soil phosphorus availability after slash-and-burn fires of different intensities in rubber agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia

Soil phosphorus availability after slash-and-burn fires of different intensities in rubber agroforests in Sumatra, Indonesia

Trees and Regeneration in Rubber Agroforests and Other Forest-Derived Vegetation in Jambi (Sumatra, Indonesia)

Carbon forestry: who will benefit?: proceedings of Workshop on Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Livelihoods, held in Bogor on 16-17 February 2005

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