Forest relevant targets in EU policy instruments - can progress be measured by the pan-European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management?

Lier, Markus; Köhl, Michael; Korhonen, Kari T.; Linser, Stefanie; Prins, Kit

doi:10.1016/j.forpol.2021.102481

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Such targets or thresholds are politically sensitive and difficult to homogenize on country levels across, in particular if they become normative. Indeed, there is criticism voiced that C&I fail to facilitate such assessments [41], but there also needs to be clarity on the original purpose and design of C&I [9,42]. It is important to understand that the Pan-European C&I for SFM are the outcome of a voluntary political process and hence differ from scientific indicator concepts such as critical loads or critical levels.…”

Section: Inclusion Of Targets or Thresholds As Tools For Assessments Of Sfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Implementation of the Forest Europe Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management

Linser

Wolfslehner

2022

Forests

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The development of criteria and indicators (C&I) to generate information about the status quo and measure changes in sustainable forest management (SFM) has become ever more important. Forest Europe has developed C&I as a policy instrument to monitor and report about SFM. Forest Europe signatories considered the definition of SFM and related C&I as the most recognized achievements of the process. The results of our survey verify this statement. C&I for SFM are implemented at the national level in half of the Forest Europe signatory countries. C&I have served as a structure and framework for the national derivations. Our results confirm the importance of C&I for monitoring and reporting on the status and trend of forests and forestry in Europe. However, Forest Europe has failed so far to go beyond description toward target-based assessments. This was originally not envisaged for the indicators but is increasingly requested by decision-makers and stakeholders. The future development of indicators for SFM should focus on their appropriateness for the assessment of objectives, goals, or targets, because the ability to monitor the respective national efforts has become a critical tool of international but also national governance.

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Section: Inclusion Of Targets or Thresholds As Tools For Assessments Of Sfmmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Implementation of the Forest Europe Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management

Linser

Wolfslehner

2022

Forests

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“…The majority of the countries have 30-45% of their land area covered with forests, while countries in northern Europe have larger forest areas, with three-quarters of the total land area in Finland and 69% in Sweden being covered by forests. The forest sector, consisting of the wood and paper industries contributes 1.97% of the total gross domestic product (GDP) in northern Europe and on average 0.72% of the total GDP of Europe [1,2]. Pests and diseases have been reported as important causes of damage among wildlife and grazing by domestic animals, fires and weather extremes, such as storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest industry, seed producers, nurseries, producers of nontimber products and the broader society are end-users of forests and urban green areas as providers of multiple ecosystem services. The need of indicators to provide information on forest ecosystem health and vitality, which may enable an evaluation of its resilience, is clearly underlined [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Forest Virome: High-Throughput Sequencing Drastically Expands Our Understanding on Virosphere in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

2021

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Thanks to the development of HTS technologies, a vast amount of genetic information on the virosphere of temperate forests has been gained in the last seven years. To estimate the qualitative/quantitative impact of HTS on forest virology, we have summarized viruses affecting major tree/shrub species and their fungal associates, including fungal plant pathogens, mutualists and saprotrophs. The contribution of HTS methods is extremely significant for forest virology. Reviewed data on viral presence in holobionts allowed us a first attempt to address the role of virome in holobionts. Forest health is dependent on the variability of microorganisms interacting with the host tree/holobiont; symbiotic microbiota and pathogens engage in a permanent interplay, which influences the host. Through virus–virus interplays synergistic or antagonistic relations may evolve, which may drastically affect the health of the holobiont. Novel insights of these interplays may allow practical applications for forest plant protection based on endophytes and mycovirus biocontrol agents. The current analysis is conceived in light of the prospect that novel viruses may initiate an emergent infectious disease and that measures for the avoidance of future outbreaks in forests should be considered.

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“…The majority of the countries have 30 -45% of their land area covered with forests, while countries in the North Europe have larger forest areas, with three-quarters of the total land area in Finland and 69% in Sweden being covered by forests. The forest sector consisting of wood industry and paper industry contributes 1.97% to total gross domestic product (GDP) in North Europe and on average 0.72% to the total GDP of Europe [1,2]. Pests and diseases were reported as important causes of damage among wildlife and grazing by domestic animals, fires and weather extremes such as storms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The forest industry, the seed producers, nurseries, producers of non-timber birch and spruces products, the broader society are end-users of forests and urban green areas as providers of multiple ecosystem services. The need of indicators to provide information on forest ecosystem health and vitality -which may make possible an evaluation of its resilience -is clearly undelined [2]. Healthy trees and healthy forests is translated into forests providing better regulating services (associated with natural catastrophes), better maintenance/habitat services (increased biodiversity) and better multiple ecosystem services (affecting humans and animals).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards the Forest Virome: Next-Generation-Sequencing Drastically Expands our Understanding on Virosphere in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Rumbou¹,

Ej²,

Büttner³

2021

Preprint

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Forest health is dependent on the variability of microorganisms interacting with the host tree/holobiont. Symbiotic microbiota and pathogens engage in a permanent interplay, which influences the host. Thanks to the development of NGS technologies, a vast amount of genetic information on the virosphere of temperate forests has been gained the last seven years. To estimate the qualitative/quantitative impact of NGS in forest virology, we have summarized viruses affecting major tree/shrub species and their fungal associates, including fungal plant pathogens, mutualists and saprotrophs. The contribution of NGS methods is extremely significant for forest virology. Reviewed data about viral presence in holobionts, allowed us to address the role of the virome in the holobionts. Genetic variation is a crucial aspect in hologenome, significantly reinforced by horizontal gene transfer among all interacting actors. Through virus-virus interplays synergistic or antagonistic relations may evolve, which may drastically affect the health of the holobiont. Novel insights of these interplays may allow practical applications for forest plant protection based on endophytes and mycovirus biocontrol agents. The current analysis is conceived in light of the prospect that novel viruses may initiate an emergent infectious disease and that measures for avoidance of future outbreaks in forests should be considered.

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Forest relevant targets in EU policy instruments - can progress be measured by the pan-European criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management?

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

National Implementation of the Forest Europe Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management

National Implementation of the Forest Europe Indicators for Sustainable Forest Management

Towards the Forest Virome: High-Throughput Sequencing Drastically Expands Our Understanding on Virosphere in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

Towards the Forest Virome: Next-Generation-Sequencing Drastically Expands our Understanding on Virosphere in Temperate Forest Ecosystems

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