Forest margins provide favourable microclimatic niches to swarming bark beetles, but Norway spruce trees were not attacked by Ips typographus shortly after edge creation in a field experiment

Stříbrská, Barbora; Hradecký, Jaromír; Čepl, Jaroslav; Tomášková, Ivana; Jakuš, Rastislav; Modlinger, Roman; Netherer, Sigrid; Jirošová, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119950

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Living–standing trees along new forest edges are exposed to abrupt changes in microclimatic conditions and other stress factors such as direct solar radiation on the bark surface and wind damage to canopies and roots. This makes edge trees extremely susceptible to bark beetle attacks (Gochnour et al, 2022; Kautz et al, 2013; Stříbrská et al, 2022). In these situations, tree killing by I. typographus following windthrows can increase exponentially and exceed the damage caused by the storm itself (Nikolov et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The semiochemical push‐and‐pull technique can reduce bark beetle damage in disturbed Norway spruce forests affected by the Vaia storm

Deganutti,

Biscontin,

Bernardinelli

et al. 2023

Agri and Forest Entomology

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In a 2‐year field study conducted in the South‐Eastern Alps following a large windthrow disturbance, we tested a large‐scale use of a semiochemical push‐and‐pull strategy to protect susceptible Norway spruce edge trees from the European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae). Slot traps baited with aggregation pheromones (‘pull’) and three repellent semiochemicals (‘push’) were used in both years. In 2020, 26 windthrown areas were classified into three levels of infestation risk, and each was randomly assigned to one of three experimental protocols: eight push‐and‐pull sites; nine trap‐only sites and nine control sites. In 2021, the trials were repeated in 22 clear‐cuts of infested spruce forests, applying two protocols: 16 push–pull and 6 control sites. Fifty traps and 1500 repellent dispensers were used in 2020, and 26 traps and 1500 repellent dispensers were used in 2021. The push‐and‐pull technique performed well in post‐windthrow conditions (2020 trials), especially at high infestation risk, with significantly lower damage to forest edges when compared with untreated sites. The use of pheromone‐baited traps alone was not enough to avoid colonization of forest edges, especially in high‐risk sites. When the push‐and‐pull protocol was applied in clear‐cut areas (2021 trials), the technique was less effective and did not significantly reduce the number of infested trees along the forest edge. Possible interactions with climate conditions are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The semiochemical push‐and‐pull technique can reduce bark beetle damage in disturbed Norway spruce forests affected by the Vaia storm

Deganutti,

Biscontin,

Bernardinelli

et al. 2023

Agri and Forest Entomology

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“…Due to the decrease in anthropogenic NO x emissions, studies are now highlighting the contribution of soil NO x emissions to total ambient concentrations (Almaraz et al., 2018; Geddes et al., 2022; Trousdell et al., 2019). We would typically expect that the higher ambient temperatures observed at forest edges compared to interior would also increase edge soil NO x emissions (Almaraz et al., 2018; Stříbrská et al., 2022). Therefore, our results of significantly higher NO x concentrations at the forest edge than interior could be attributed to a combination of increased exposure to mobile NO x sources and contributions from soil NO x emissions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though primarily attributed to anthropogenic sources, some NO x is emitted directly from soil, and soil fluxes are primarily influenced by temperature, moisture, and N availability (Almaraz et al., 2018; Trousdell et al., 2019). Forest fragmentation results in higher ambient temperatures at the forest edge, which can not only increase soil NO x emissions but also contribute to tree stress and biogenic VOC emissions at the forest edge compared to the forest interior (Almaraz et al., 2018; Stříbrská et al., 2022). The contribution of forests to O 3 production, particularly in the northeastern U.S., is exacerbated by the prevalence of oak species, which are high VOC emitters and can lead to high O 3 production (Drewniak et al., 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Urbanization and Forest Fragmentation on Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs and Ambient Nitrogen Oxide and Ozone Concentrations in Mixed Temperate Forests

Rindy,

Pierce,

Geddes

et al. 2023

JGR Biogeosciences

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Urban ecosystems around the globe experience greater atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition compared to rural areas and are particularly vulnerable to fragmentation due to land use change. However, while the influences of urbanization and forest fragmentation on atmospheric inputs to temperate forests have been determined separately, the combined effects of the two changes on temperate forest ecosystems have yet to be assessed. To investigate these combined effects, we deployed throughfall collectors to measure atmospheric N inputs and passive samplers to measure nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ozone (O3) throughout the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons in seven temperate forest sites along an urbanization gradient from Boston to central Massachusetts. We found a positive relationship between the amount of impervious surface area (% ISA) surrounding each site and throughfall nitrate () inputs at the forest edge, with urban edge inputs nearly double the rate at rural edge sites. There were higher rates of inputs in the rural forest interior than edge sites, while urban sites experienced significantly higher concentrations of NOx and O3 both in the interior and at the edge compared to rural sites. Atmospheric N inputs were significantly elevated in the early (May–July) compared to the late (August–November) growing season and concentrations of NOx and O3 were also elevated in the midgrowing season (June–September). Our results demonstrate that together, urbanization and forest fragmentation lead to greater rates of atmospheric N inputs and ambient pollutant concentrations of NOx and O3 in temperate forests of the northeastern U.S.

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“…This may not be surprising as is difficult to locate a particular source of VOCs in forest environments. Volatile concentrations in open forest spaces can be indeed higher than in the vicinity of individual trees (Stříbrská et al ., 2022), and the movements of volatile plumes are generally very complex to trace under natural forest conditions (Fares et al ., 1980). Additionally, many of the monoterpenes are also released from conifers other than spruce, as well as from individuals of the host tree species not in the diameter range of trees attacked by beetles.…”

Section: Potential Mechanisms Of Host Selection By Pioneer Bark Beetlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing a century‐old hypothesis – do pioneer beetles of Ips typographus use volatile cues to find suitable host trees?

et al. 2023

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Summary Global warming and more frequent climate extremes have caused bark beetle outbreaks of unprecedented scale of these insects in many conifer forests world‐wide. Conifers that have been weakened by drought and heat or damaged by storms are highly susceptible to bark beetle infestation. A large proportion of trees with impaired defences provides good conditions for beetle population build‐up of beetles, but mechanisms driving host search of pioneer beetles are still uncertain in several species, including the Eurasian spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Despite a two‐century‐long history of bark beetle research, we still lack a sufficient understanding of interactions between I. typographus and its host Norway spruce (Picea abies) to forecast future disturbance regimes and forest dynamics. Depending on the scale (habitat or patch) and beetle population state (endemic or epidemic), host selection is likely driven by a combination of pre and postlanding cues, including visual selection or olfactory detection (kairomones). Here, we discuss primary attraction mechanisms and how volatile emission profiles of Norway spruce may provide cues on tree vitality and suitability for attacks by I. typographus, in particular during the endemic phase. We identify several crucial knowledge gaps and provide a research agenda addressing the experimental challenges of such investigations.

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Forest margins provide favourable microclimatic niches to swarming bark beetles, but Norway spruce trees were not attacked by Ips typographus shortly after edge creation in a field experiment

Cited by 18 publications

References 60 publications

The semiochemical push‐and‐pull technique can reduce bark beetle damage in disturbed Norway spruce forests affected by the Vaia storm

The semiochemical push‐and‐pull technique can reduce bark beetle damage in disturbed Norway spruce forests affected by the Vaia storm

Effects of Urbanization and Forest Fragmentation on Atmospheric Nitrogen Inputs and Ambient Nitrogen Oxide and Ozone Concentrations in Mixed Temperate Forests

Addressing a century‐old hypothesis – do pioneer beetles of Ips typographus use volatile cues to find suitable host trees?

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