Forest management of Korean pine and broadleaf mixed forest in Northeast China since the implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project

Abstract

Since the end of the last century, two major changes in forest management policy and strategies have been affecting the sustainability of natural Korea pine (Pinus koraiensis) and broadleaf mixed forest (KBF) : implementation of Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) and no鄄cutting Korean pine which was taken as a important timber and logged all the time. However, the post鄄harvest regeneration has not changed correspondingly. Planting Korean pine is continually the only one way to promote natural regeneration, while broadleaf tree species is ignored in the management systems. In order to explore the effect of current management pattern on the sustainability o KBF, this study evaluated the availabilities of forest resources utilization in typical KBF region. The results showed that the implementation of NFPP has decreased harvesting quota, increased forest unit鄄area volume and then indirectly promoted KBF restoration. Since Korean pine has not been harvested at around of the end of the last century, four broadleaf tree species, including Tilia amurensis, Quercus mongolica, Fraxinus mandschurica and Ulmus japonica occupied 94. 7% of total amount of timber production, however, their growing increase in standing timber in commercial forest are lesser than that of felled lumber, suggesting that the timber resource are getting deficit and not sustainable. While the forest management model " planting coniferous and cutting http: / / www.ecologica.cn broadleaf冶 has gotten the situation worse. In the processing of keeping coniferous tree survival, a large number of broadleaf, the four timber tree species among them, are removed because of probably affecting conifer tree live. As a consequence, broadleaf seedlings and sapling are scarce in stands floor. In general, the two major changes has indirectly caused forest resource restoration and increased the sustainability of KBF in welfare forest area. At mean time, they has consistently increased the dominance of Korean pine in the KBF stands, reduced the capacity of standing timber in commercial forest, and then decreased the sustainable utilization for timber. Out results indicated that the current forest management will tend to rapid depletion of standing timber in KBF distribution area. Therefore, this study suggested that suitable forest management should adapted to forest planning, management targets, stand situations.

Soil aggregation accounts for the mineral soil organic carbon and nitrogen accrual in broadleaved forests as compared to that of coniferous forests in Northeast China: Cross‐sites and multiple species comparisons

“…(Wang et al, 2011;Zhou, 1997). Over 100 years of timber production and farmland reclamation have greatly changed the forest composition and have also sharply decreased timber storage in this region (Shi & Li, 2016;Wang, Yu, et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2000). Moreover, forest composition in Northeast China will be altered by decreases in coniferous forest area (20-30%) and increases in broadleaved forests area (70-80%) over the next 100 years (Cheng & Yan, 2008;Wang, Zhou, et al, 2017) (Table 1).…”

Factors driving changes in water conservation function from a geospatial perspective: case study of Jilin Province

“…The forest area within the scope of the project has increased significantly. In addition, the water conservation function has improved significantly, demonstrating the huge ecological benefits of the project (Yu et al, 2015;Xiang et al, 2021). However, in a subsequent project, the area of forest land in Jilin Province showed a significant decrease (Li et al, 2018), resulting in reduced water conservation in a few areas.…”

Is Soil Covered with Climacium dendroides More Conducive to the Germination of Pinus koraiensis Seeds?

“…Natural coniferous forests and mixed broadleaf Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forests represent two regional climax vegetation types in Northeast China [1]. The P. koraiensis Forests 2023, 14, 798 2 of 16 population has experienced a significant decline due to three catastrophic forestry events in the past century: the invasions of Tsarist Russia and Japan , the promotion of wood harvesting during forestry work , and the 'Harvest quotas' policy [2]. P. koraiensis contributes to the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties, fertility, and carbon storage, similar to other tree species [3].…”

“…Additionally, it serves as a food source for various forest animals [4] and possesses economic value due to its edible kernels, medicinal needles, and quality timber [5]. Although the P. koraiensis population has partially recovered since the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project in 1998, its population density remains significantly lower than that of undisturbed natural forests [6]. In some stands, the mortality rate of red pine surpasses the renewal rate, resulting in a continued decline in population density [7].…”