Forest management decision support for evaluating forest protection effects against rockfall

Brauner, Michael; Weinmeister, Wolfgang; Agner, Peter; Vospernik, Sonja; Hoesle, Bernhard

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.10.018

Cited by 44 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Four different phenomena have been identified in the physical effect of forest structures on the dynamics of fallen boulders: (a) kinetic energy absorption through direct impact between a boulder and a trunk, Gsteiger (1989), Zinggeler (1989), Stokes et al (2005), Brauner (2005), , Lundström et al (2007Lundström et al ( , 2009 kinetic energy absorption through interaction between a rock and shrub vegetation, (c) increasing rugosity of slope and a consequent reduction of coefficient restitution, Jones et al (2000), (d) the positive effect of forest vegetation on geotechnical soil characteristics, Pfeiffer (1989). The theoretical energy dissipated by forest structures depends on the number of tree/boulder impacts and on the kinetic energy dissipated by a single impact.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dorren et al (2007) summarised as follows the methods proposed in the literature to quantify energy absorption during tree/boulder impact: (a) Couvreur (1982) and Zinggeler (1989), this method derives the fracture energy from standard dynamics tests on a small sample; (b) Stokes et al (2005), this method is based on static winching experiments that calculate the energy required to cause a failure in the root system, (c) Brauner et al (2005), this method assumes that the banding energy is fully dissipated by the work expended to bend the tree stem to the point at which it breaks, (d) , derived the tree/boulder energy absorption capacity through real-size rockfall experiments on living trees, by measuring energy absorption as a function of tree diameter at breast height (DBH) and of rockfall impact eccentricity, (e) Lundström et al (2007Lundström et al ( , 2009, derived the energy absorption of trees subject to rockfall and root system anchorage mechanics, for many Alpine Conifer species, with a new approach and an experimental method, (f) Jonsson (2007), used full-scale impact test data to calibrating a numerical single tree impact model, using Finite Element Method (FEM), in this way the author can consider energy absorption of tree dependent on: DBH, tree/boulder impact height, angle and eccentricity, level of tree damage and material properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many of these studies were predominantly conducted in the Alpine area using characteristic tree species, Berger et al (2001, Dorren et al (2004, Brauner et al (2005), Stokes et al (2005), Lundström et al (2007Lundström et al ( , 2009. Through these studies, numerous important steps have been made towards understanding the mitigation of rockfall risks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy dissipation of rockfalls by coppice structures

Ciabocco

Boccia

Ripa

2009

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. The objective of this work is to develop elements to improve understanding of the behaviour of a coppice in relation to the phenomenon of falling boulders. The first section proposes an amendment to the equation for calculating the index which describes the probability of impact between a rock and plants in managed coppice forests. A study was carried out, using models to calculate the kinetic energy of a falling boulder along a slope considering the kinetic energy dissipated during the impact with the structure of forest plants managed by coppice. The output of the simulation models were then compared with the real dynamics of falling boulders in field tests using digital video.It emerged from an analysis of the results of this comparison that a modification to the 1989 Gsteiger equation was required, in order to calculate the "Average Distance between Contacts" (ADC). To this purpose, the concept of "Structure of Interception", proposed in this paper, was developed, valid as a first approach for describing the differences in the spatial distribution of stems between coppice and forest. This study also aims to provide suggestions for forestry management, in order to maintain or increase the protective capacity of a coppice managed with conventional techniques for the area studied, modifying the dendrometric characteristics.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy dissipation of rockfalls by coppice structures

Ciabocco

Boccia

Ripa

2009

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…3), the encounter probability (P enc ) is given by Eq. 2, in a manner similar to that used by Brauner et al (2005) to estimate the probability of impact of a boulder with a tree in a forest stand.…”

Section: Description Of the Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vulnerability of simple reinforced concrete buildings to damage by rockfalls

Mavrouli

Corominas

2010

Landslides

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A procedure is presented for investigating the response of reinforced concrete buildings to rockfall impact. The method considers a single rock hit on the basement columns, and it includes four steps: (a) calculation of the probability of a rock impact on a member of the load-bearing system, taking into account the block size and the design of the structure; (b) evaluation of the response of one or more structural elements to the hit based on element capacity; (c) in the case of structural element failure, assessment of the robustness of the whole structural system, calculating the potential for progressive collapse; and (d) calculation of a damage index (DI), which is the ratio of structural elements that fail to the total number of structural elements. The proposed method is applied to a reinforced concrete building for a range of rockfall paths and intensities. The analysis has been carried out for a 2-m-diameter block and velocities< 3.5 m/s. The possible damage range is found to be highly variable, with DI values ranging from 0.01 to 1 depending on the impact location and block velocity.

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“…En complément, de nombreuses études [Brauner et al, 2005,Dorren et al, 2005,Sto el et al, 2006 ont montré que les forêts peuvent avoir un rôle de protection important contre les chutes de blocs. Par exemple, a déterminé qu'un épicéa ayant un diamètre de 0,6 m peut réduire l'énergie d'un bloc de 800 (kJ).…”

Section: Les Dispositifs De Protectionunclassified