Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland

Varmola, Martti; Hyppönen, Mikko; Mäkitalo, Kari; Mikkola, Kari; Timonen, Mauri

doi:10.1080/02827580410030154

Cited by 19 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Both high elevation and low temperature sum are associated with poor regeneration results, i.e. a lack of mature seed crops, low emergence rate, and high seedling mortality (Varmola et al 2004). The success of natural regeneration in the protection forest area has generally been satisfactory (see Varmola et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…a lack of mature seed crops, low emergence rate, and high seedling mortality (Varmola et al 2004). The success of natural regeneration in the protection forest area has generally been satisfactory (see Varmola et al 2004). Hyppönen (2002) found that 20% of the natural regeneration area in a dataset collected in the protection forest area was classified as unsuccessfully established.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). The protection forest area has been designated in northernmost Finland in order to prevent the deterioration of timberline forests as a result of uncontrolled cuttings, reindeer grazing, and forest fires (Varmola et al 2004). The population was divided into 16 strata based on the regeneration year (4 categories) and the size of the regeneration area (4 categories).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the seed-tree method has considerable potential as a successful, cheap regeneration method even in the northernmost parts of the forested area. However, it should only be employed under favourable conditions, and using appropriate methods (Lehto 1969, Hyppönen et al 2002, Varmola et al 2004.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment and height development of harvested and naturally regenerated Scots pine near the timberline in North-East Finnish Lapland

Hallikainen

Hyppönen²,

Hyvönen³

et al. 2007

Silva Fenn.

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Researchers and professionals in practical forestry have faced problems concerning the regeneration success of Scots pine in natural regeneration near the timberline in North-East Lapland. The aim of the study was to analyze the seedling establishment and seedling height development of Scots pine in seed-tree stands in the area. The average number of living pine seedlings in the study stands was about 1000 ha -1 , but there was considerable variation between the stands. The seedling density was modelled using a multinomial logistic regression with a random factor. Forest site type and the time since seed-tree cutting were the most significant explanatory variables in the model. The probability of reaching the acceptable seedling density was higher on dry site types than on the more fertile ones. The probability increased with the time elapsed since the regeneration activities. Effective temperature sum and the number of intermediate pines also positively affected the probability, but the presence of residual trees negatively. On northern and eastern slopes the probability was lower than on southern and western ones. Seedling height was modelled using a linear mixed model. The age of a dominant seedling was the most positively effective explanatory variable in the height development model. Other positively affecting significant predictors were time since seed-tree cutting, number of intermediate birches, and distance between a seedling and the nearest seed tree. Degree of paludification had a negative effect. The study suggests that the regeneration of Scots pine in North-East Lapland is a relatively slow process.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Establishment and height development of harvested and naturally regenerated Scots pine near the timberline in North-East Finnish Lapland

Hallikainen

Hyppönen²,

Hyvönen³

et al. 2007

Silva Fenn.

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“…The northern location of the Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park limits the growing season to 100 to 140 days. Mean annual temperature is around -0.8 °C, and the annual amount of precipitation is about 500 mm, with 45% of it falling as snow (Varmola et al 2004). The park encompasses many lakes and is surrounded by rocky mounts, with the highest peak, Pallas, culminating at 807 m. The park has been protected by the Finnish government since the mid-1930s.…”

Section: Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Canopy Gap Characteristics and Disturbance Dynamics in Old-GrowthPicea abiesStands in Northern Fennoscandia: Is the Forest in Quasi-Equilibrium?

Caron

Kneeshaw

Grandpré

et al. 2009

Annales Botanici Fennici

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Emulating natural disturbances in managed forests has been suggested as a potential solution to maintain habitat conditions similar to those observed in old-growth forests. We examined the gap attributes and disturbance history of old-growth Picea abiesdominated stands in the northern boreal vegetation zone of the Pallas-Yllästunturi National Park in northwestern Finland to evaluate the infl uence of gaps on forest dynamics and the temporal patterns of gap creation. Six stands located at two sites were sampled along 400-m-long linear transects so that all intersected gaps were measured and dated. The average proportion of the forest area in the gaps was 43.1% ± 7.5%. An average gap size was estimated to be 221 m 2 ± 198 m 2 , whereas the median gap size was 170.2 m 2 . While only 20% of the gaps were smaller than 100 m 2 , nearly 85% of them were smaller than 300 m 2 . Gap creation was constant with no distinct peaks from 1965 to 2005. Thus, forest dynamics were driven by continuous smallscale disturbances and were characterized by quasi-equilibrium structure. However, the results of the growth release analysis indicated that more severe disturbance(s) may have occurred almost two centuries ago. Emulating this type of forest dynamics would imply selective or group harvesting of trees as the predominant methods, but largerscale, more intensive cuttings could also be carried out periodically.

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Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem vs Ecosystem Services

Kellomäki

2022

Management of Boreal Forests

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Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Establishment and height development of harvested and naturally regenerated Scots pine near the timberline in North-East Finnish Lapland

Establishment and height development of harvested and naturally regenerated Scots pine near the timberline in North-East Finnish Lapland

Canopy Gap Characteristics and Disturbance Dynamics in Old-GrowthPicea abiesStands in Northern Fennoscandia: Is the Forest in Quasi-Equilibrium?

Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem vs Ecosystem Services

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