Forest landscape ecology and global change: an introduction

Azevedo, João; Pinto, M. Alice; Perera, Ajith H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-0953-7_1

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 121 publications

(122 reference statements)

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“…Within the tropics are watershed landscapes composed of diverse and mosaic natural and human-modified ecosystems. As the components of the watershed landscape are interconnected, a change in the flow of ES upstream will have direct or indirect impacts to midstream and downstream areas [13]. A change in land use due to human activities usually results to fragmentation of natural habitat that affects the capacity of the watershed to provide certain ES [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Fragmentation, Ecosystem Services, and Local Knowledge in the Baroro River Watershed, Northern Philippines

Ramirez¹,

Pulhin

Garcia

et al. 2019

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Landscape fragmentation, the breaking up of land use type into smaller parcels, isdamaging watersheds worldwide. Without addressing its causes, landscape fragmentation canpermanently destroy habitats and compromise ecosystem services (ES) that a watershed provides.This paper aims to establish associations between watershed landscape fragmentation and ES byintegrating science (satellite imageries and fragmentation analyses) and local geographicknowledge (key informant interviews and focus group discussions) at different time periods. Usingthe case of the Baroro River Watershed in Northern Philippines, this paper posits that localknowledge, when integrated with scientific knowledge, becomes a significant medium throughwhich watershed landscape fragmentation and declining quality of ES can be better understood andaddressed. Results also indicate that people’s experiences and knowledge on ES coincide withwatershed landscape fragmentation as evidenced by satellite images and fragmentation analysesdone at different time periods. This implies that people’s knowledge is well grounded on facts andcomplements scientific knowledge necessary in crafting more effective landscape policies that cantackle watershed fragmentation. Study results are also crucial in providing information to serve asinputs in the development of a more robust watershed management plan; particularly inimplementing sustainable land uses without sacrificing the watershed’s overall integrity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape Fragmentation, Ecosystem Services, and Local Knowledge in the Baroro River Watershed, Northern Philippines

Ramirez¹,

Pulhin

Garcia

et al. 2019

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“…Major land use changes, such as intensification of agriculture and forestry, often associated with fast population growth, have caused forest loss and fragmentation especially in tropical regions (DeFries et al ., ; Lobovikov et al ., ; Hosonuma et al ., ). In contrast, abandonment of agriculture associated with rural depopulation has occurred most frequently in Europe, where it has been a source of either forest expansion in northern countries or land degradation and shrub encroachment in southern regions (Rey Benayas et al ., ; Azevedo et al ., ). Climate change has been reported as the direct cause of shifts in forest species range in different geographic locations (Walther et al ., ; Peñuelas & Boada, ; Kelly & Goulden, ), and for the increased frequency and intensity of disturbances, such as pathogen outbreaks (Harvell et al ., ; Edburg et al ., ), extreme weather events (Allen et al ., , ; Carnicer et al ., ), and wildfires (Westerling et al ., ), with the consequent widespread forest mortality across continents (Peterman & Bachelet, ; Anderegg et al ., , ; Allen et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Although the changes in forest landscapes are primarily driven by land use changes (Rounsevell et al ., Azevedo et al ., ), it is becoming increasingly evident that land use practices and climate change often interact synergistically to enhance the impacts in forests across spatial, temporal, and organizational scales (Nelson et al ., ; Allen et al ., ). For instance, rural exodus and the abandonment of agricultural land in Mediterranean Europe with the subsequent accumulation of fuel loads led to a change in fire regime after the 1970s, with a significant increase in larger wildfires and forest area burned, likely amplified by increasing drought frequency over the past decades (Marques et al ., ; Moreira et al ., ; Pausas & Fernández‐Muñoz, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Landscape dynamics in Mediterranean oak forests under global change: understanding the role of anthropogenic and environmental drivers across forest types

Acácio

Dias

Catry

et al. 2016

Global Change Biology

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The Mediterranean region is projected to be extremely vulnerable to global change, which will affect the distribution of typical forest types such as native oak forests. However, our understanding of Mediterranean oak forest responses to future conditions is still very limited by the lack of knowledge on oak forest dynamics and species-specific responses to multiple drivers. We compared the long-term (1966-2006) forest persistence and land cover change among evergreen (cork oak and holm oak) and deciduous oak forests and evaluated the importance of anthropogenic and environmental drivers on observed changes for Portugal. We used National Forest Inventories to quantify the changes in oak forests and explored the drivers of change using multinomial logistic regression analysis and an information theoretical approach. We found distinct trends among oak forest types, reflecting the differences in oak economic value, protection status and management schemes: cork oak forests were the most persistent (62%), changing mostly to pines and eucalypt; holm oak forests were less persistent (53.2%), changing mostly to agriculture; and deciduous oak forests were the least persistent (45.7%), changing mostly to shrublands. Drivers of change had distinct importance across oak forest types, but drivers from anthropogenic origin (wildfires, population density, and land accessibility) were always among the most important. Climatic extremes were also important predictors of oak forest changes, namely extreme temperatures for evergreen oak forests and deficit of precipitation for deciduous oak forests. Our results indicate that under increasing human pressure and forecasted climate change, evergreen oak forests will continue declining and deciduous oak forests will be replaced by forests dominated by more xeric species. In the long run, multiple disturbances may change competitive dominance from oak forests to pyrophytic shrublands. A better understanding of forest dynamics and the inclusion of anthropogenic drivers on models of vegetation change will improve predicting the future of Mediterranean oak forests.

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“…It is through people respecting nature, the inevitable changes that occur in nature, and developing a sense of responsibility for their actions affecting and changing the landscape that the negative consequences that follow changes in nature can be reduced (Heyd, 2008). Other authors, such as Azevedo and Perera (2014), argue that landscapes are the result of the interaction between nature and humans, and that their condition is influenced by various natural factors and human activities. One of the strongest drivers of landscape change is farming, which strongly influences agrarian landscapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The agrarian landscape and the change in its subdivision of plots

Krasinskaite,

Valciukiene,

Jukneliene

2023

Baltic Surveying

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The article presents an analysis of changes in the agrarian landscape and the subdivision of its plots, using three Lithuanian municipalities as examples (Kaunas, Trakai and Šilutė). Statistical, comparative and multicriteria analysis methods were applied in the study. It was found that in all the studied municipalities, the area of the agrarian landscape was decreasing during the study period. The largest decreasing trends were in the municipality of Šilutė district, where the area covered by agrarian landscape decreased by more than 3%. At the same time, in the municipalities of Kaunas and Trakai districts, the area of agrarian landscape decreased quite evenly and did not reach 3%. It was also found that the number of agricultural holdings also decreased: by 27% in Kaunas district municipality and by over 33% in Trakai district municipality, but the area of agricultural holdings increased in all of the studied municipalities: in Kaunas district by over 5%, in Trakai district by over 37% and in Šilutė district by over 8%. The average size of a farm in Kaunas district remained rather stable, increasing by only 1%, in Šilutė district municipality the average farm size increased by more than 71% and in Trakai district municipality the tendency was the opposite, i.e. the average farm size decreased by more than 36%. The multicriteria analysis shows that the most common factors influencing changes in the agrarian landscape and its subdivision of plots vary between municipalities, but in general the following factors influence the changes in the agrarian landscape and its subdivision of plots: the land productivity score, the number of inhabitants, the distance to the centre of the city, the average size of the farms, the number of holdings, and the amount of land area occupied by bodies of water. The information collected and the results obtained show that in the municipalities analysed, the causes of change in the agrarian landscape and its subdivision of plots have a positive impact on the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas.

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Forest landscape ecology and global change: an introduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 121 publications

Landscape Fragmentation, Ecosystem Services, and Local Knowledge in the Baroro River Watershed, Northern Philippines

Landscape Fragmentation, Ecosystem Services, and Local Knowledge in the Baroro River Watershed, Northern Philippines

Landscape dynamics in Mediterranean oak forests under global change: understanding the role of anthropogenic and environmental drivers across forest types

The agrarian landscape and the change in its subdivision of plots

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