Forest Functioning under Climate Warming and Future Perspectives on Forest Disturbances

Abstract

The Special Issue “Impact of climate warming and disturbances on forest ecosystems” underscores the critical importance of understanding how forests respond to these environmental challenges and the legacy of past management practices. Forest ecosystems are facing significant challenges due to ongoing climate change, characterized by rising temperatures and increased frequency of extreme events. The rapid pace of climate change is altering disturbance patterns and the adaptability of forests, which have a direct impact on ecosystem services that contribute to human well-being. This Special Issue features 11 research papers from nine countries. Some key outputs from these research papers include evidence on how climate change is already impacting forest ecosystems. For instance, the climatic envelope of many forest species has shifted due to global warming, making species more vulnerable, especially in lower elevations and at the edges of their distribution. Urgent adaptive measures in forest management are necessary to address this challenge. Climate change also affects vegetation phenology, tree growth, stand productivity, reproduction rates, and stand regeneration. Remote sensing data and ecological modeling techniques play a crucial role in monitoring and understanding these changes, especially in remote regions where field measurements are limited. The rising frequency and intensity of extreme events like droughts, windstorms, and forest fires require enhanced prediction and automatic monitoring. Leveraging machine learning tools and remote sensing data is imperative. This Special Issue provides insights into the intricate relationships among forests, climate change, and human interventions. We provide further research recommendations for the quantification and automated monitoring of forest fires and the management of forests to better withstand storms and increase their resilience to climate change.

Forest Adaptation to Climate Change: Altitudinal Response and Wood Variation in Natural-Growth Cunninghamia lanceolata in the Context of Climate Change

“…According to relevant statistics, by 2020, the global temperature had risen by approximately 0.99 • C compared to the pre-industrial era (1850-1900), leading to an increase in extreme weather events worldwide [27]. Global climate change is accelerating its impact on forest disturbance mechanisms and adaptability [28], with effects on forests being dual-natured; they can be either positive or negative [29]. The adaptive capacity of tree populations to climate change depends on intraspecific genetic variation and phenotypic plasticity [30].…”