Forest diseases caused by viruses.

Büttner, Carmen; Bargen, Susanne von; Bandte, Martina; Mühlbach, Hans‐Peter; Gonthier, Paolo; Nicolotti, G.

doi:10.1079/9781780640402.0050

Cited by 29 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Typical symptoms range from chlorotic vein banding, chlorotic ring spots, mottling, necrosis, leaf roll and reduced leaf size to dieback of branches or whole plants or trees (Bandte and B€ uttner 2001;B€ uttner et al 2013). To date, natural occurrence of CLRV has been documented worldwide in 28 plant genera comprising a multitude of forest, fruit and ornamental trees and shrubs as well as a variety of herbaceous plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptom development and intensity in CLRV-infected plants vary according to host species, CLRV strain and plant predisposition due to environmental stresses and interaction with biotic factors. Typical symptoms range from chlorotic vein banding, chlorotic ring spots, mottling, necrosis, leaf roll and reduced leaf size to dieback of branches or whole plants or trees (Bandte and B€ uttner 2001;B€ uttner et al 2013). General knowledge about the transmission mode of CLRV refers to pollen (vertical and horizontal transmission) and seed (vertical) as the main relevant natural pathways of CLRV dispersal (Mandahar and Gill 1984;Jones 1985;Bandte and B€ uttner 2001;Rumbou et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High genetic variation in a small population of Cherry leaf roll virus in Betula sp. of montane origin in Corsica

et al. 2016

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Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) infection is common in Betula pendula and B. pubescens in Middle and North Europe, easily observable by chlorotic leaf vein banding, mottling and leaf roll, partially adherent with progressive loss of vitality or death of twigs and branches. In Fennoscandia, a severe viral epidemic in various birch species in forest stands, public greens and roadsides is associated with CLRV. In Corsica, CLRV-typical symptoms were observed on birch trees (Betula sp.) in a montane stand (1470 m) at Col de Vergio. CLRV was detected by RT-nested PCR in all leaf samples from 11 randomly selected birch trees exhibiting characteristic symptoms. Along with the fact that this is the first report of CLRV in Betula sp. of both montane and Mediterranean origins, remarkably high genetic variation and a new distinct phylogenetic cluster are comprised by a small randomly sampled CLRV population that has evolved in one of the few scattered birch stands in Corsica.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High genetic variation in a small population of Cherry leaf roll virus in Betula sp. of montane origin in Corsica

et al. 2016

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“…Little is currently known about viruses affecting trees in forests and urban greenspaces. It is assumed that these viruses can cause significant economic damage [1] given their wide distribution. Chlorotic ringspots and mottling on the leaves of Sorbus aucuparia (European mountain ash, synonym rowan) are strictly correlated with infection by the European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) [2,3], which has been observed in Germany since 1960 [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus RNA3 and RNA4

Roßbach

Dieckmann

Büttner

et al. 2015

Forests

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The European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus (EMARaV) is a multipartite RNA virus of negative polarity. It infects Sorbus aucuparia (common name-rowan) trees throughout their whole distribution area in North and Central Europe. It causes mottling, chlorotic ringspots and decline of the whole plant. Infected rowans are serious virus sources for rowans and other potential hosts. EMARaV incidence and population structure was investigated in Germany, Finland, Sweden, Scotland, and Norway. Overall, EMARaV variants from 42 rowan trees distributed in 20 different locations were studied with regard to the genetic variability of the p3-and p4-coding genome region, as well as the 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions (UTR) of RNA3. In six of the 42 analyzed samples we found much higher sequence diversities than previously reported at the amino acid level in RNA3 encoded p3 protein sequences as well as at the nucleotide level on the 5′ and 3′ UTR. The other 36 EMARaV variants confirmed the assumed conservation of the nucleocapsid protein coding region. In contrast, the p4-coding genome region showed a high conservation of both nucleotide and amino acid sequences. Both EMARaV proteins were under strong purifying selection pressure, probably acting to maintain the functional integrity of the p3 and p4 proteins.

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“…Diseased birches exhibit foliar disorders including vein banding, leaf roll, mottling, necrotic lesions and tip dieback. Based on earlier studies on virus-diseased trees it is assumed that BLRD might significantly reduce the tree’s photosynthetic capacity and contribute to tree decline [3]. Due to lack of knowledge, risk analyses and prevention measures, the disease has effectively spread throughout Europe and has until now been reported in European countries with diverse climatic conditions such as Finland, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Austria, UK and France, including stands of a Mediterranean island [2–5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unravelling the virome in birch: RNA-Seq reveals a complex of known and novel viruses

Rumbou

Candresse

Marais

et al. 2019

Preprint

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25 High-throughput sequencing (HTS), combined with bioinformatics for de novo discovery and 26 assembly of plant virus or viroid genome reads, has promoted the discovery of abundant novel 27 DNA and RNA viruses and viroids. However, the elucidation of a viral population in a single plant is 28 rarely reported. In five birch trees of German and Finnish origin exhibiting symptoms of birch leaf-29 roll disease (BRLD), we identified in total five viruses, among which three are novel. The number of 30 identified virus variants in each transcriptome ranged from one to five. The novel species are 31 genetically -fully or partially -characterized, they belong to the genera Carlavirus, Idaeovirus and 32 Capillovirus and they are tentatively named birch carlavirus, birch idaeovirus, and birch 33 capillovirus, respectively. The only virus systematically detected by HTS in symptomatic trees 34 affected by the BRLD was the recently discovered birch leafroll-associated virus. The role of the 35 new carlavirus in BLRD etiology seems at best weak, as it was detected only in one of three 36 symptomatic trees. Continuing studies have to clarify the impact of the carlavirus to the BLRD. The 37 role of the Capillovirus and the Idaeovirus within the BLRD complex and whether they influence 38 plant vitality need to be investigated. Our study reveals the viral population in single birch trees and 39 provides a comprehensive overview for the diversities of the viral communities they harbor. 40 41 Keywords: Betula sp., virome, birch leaf-roll disease, birch carlavirus, birch idaeovirus, birch 42 capillovirus 3 44 Introduction 45 Symptoms in birch trees (Betula sp.) caused by various viruses and related to the birch 46 leaf-roll disease (BLRD) are observed throughout Europe [1-2]. Diseased birches exhibit foliar 47 disorders including vein banding, leaf roll, mottling, necrotic lesions and tip dieback. Based on 48 earlier studies on virus-diseased trees it is assumed that BLRD might significantly reduce the tree's 49 photosynthetic capacity and contribute to tree decline [3]. Due to lack of knowledge, risk analyses 50 and prevention measures, the disease has effectively spread throughout Europe and has until now 51 been reported in European countries with diverse climatic conditions such as Finland, Sweden, 52 Norway, Germany, Austria, UK and France, including stands of a Mediterranean island [2-5]. 53The initial hypothesis for the BLRD disease etiology implicated Cherry leaf roll virus (CLRV) 54 as the disease main causal agent [1-2; 4-5]. However, after long-lasting trials applying 55 conventional viral detection methods (virus purification, RT-PCR, double-stranded-RNA isolation, 56 virus mechanical transmission), this virus could not be convincingly associated with the 57 appearance of disease symptoms. To identify BLRD etiology, a birch metagenomic study was 58 therefore initiated. A RNA-Seq analysis revealed for the first time in diseased trees from Germany 59 and Finland birch leafroll-associated virus (BLRaV), the first reverse-tra...

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Forest diseases caused by viruses.

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

High genetic variation in a small population of Cherry leaf roll virus in Betula sp. of montane origin in Corsica

High genetic variation in a small population of Cherry leaf roll virus in Betula sp. of montane origin in Corsica

Genetic Variability and Phylogeny of European mountain ash ringspot-associated virus RNA3 and RNA4

Unravelling the virome in birch: RNA-Seq reveals a complex of known and novel viruses

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