Forest cover changes in the northern Carpathians in the 20th century: a slow transition

Kozak, Jacek; Estreguil, Christine; Troll, Mateusz

doi:10.1080/17474230701218244

Cited by 112 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…This is particularly important in the context of land use changes that occurred in southern Poland during the 20th century (e.g. Lach and Wy_ zga 2002;Kozak et al 2007), as well as the ongoing and future climate change predicted for the 21st century (e.g. Romanowicz et al 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Significant environmental changes that occurred in the Polish Carpathian catchments during the 20th century, especially a decline in high-intensity farming and grazing and subsequent hillslope afforestation (Lach and Wy_ zga 2002;Kozak et al 2007), preclude use of the historical state of the rivers, presented on 19th-century maps, as hydromorphological reference conditions (Wy_ zga et al 2012b). Instead, the conditions should be defined as the river state that exists or would exist under contemporary environmental conditions in the catchment but with no human modifications to channel, riparian areas and floodplain of a river (Wy_ zga et al 2012b).…”

Section: Hydromorphological Assessment Of River Quality With Rhq Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The tendency to channel narrowing and incision could have also been reinforced by a reduction in sediment supply to the river (cf. Lach and Wy_ zga 2002) resulting from a considerable increase in forest cover in the mountain part of the catchment after the World War II (Kozak et al 2007). Some human impacts such as illegal in-channel gravel mining (Wy_ zga et al 2010a) and the removal of large wood from the river have continued also in recent years.…”

Section: Hydromorphological Assessment Of the Biała River Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of river hydromorphological quality for restoration purposes: an example of the application of RHQ method to a Polish Carpathian river

et al. 2017

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Planning and implementation of effective restoration projects require appropriate assessment of a river's hydromorphological status. Two European standards on hydromorphological assessment of rivers and hydromorphological assessment methods used in Poland are reviewed in the context of their applicability for river restoration purposes. River Hydromorphological Quality assessment method is presented with a case study of the Biała River, Polish Carpathians, where this assessment was used as basis for a restoration project aimed to establish an erodible river corridor. The results of the assessment revealed significant differences in hydromorphological quality between unmanaged and channelized river crosssections, indicating channel regulation as a major cause of the hydromorphological degradation of the Biała and confirming the choice of the erodible river corridor as an appropriate method of its restoration. The assessment indicated hydromorphological features of the river that were severely modified within the channelized reaches and which are likely to improve the most with the removal of bank protection and allowing free channel migration.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydromorphological Assessment Of River Quality With Rhq Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydromorphological Assessment Of the Biała River Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of river hydromorphological quality for restoration purposes: an example of the application of RHQ method to a Polish Carpathian river

et al. 2017

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Extracting such cartographic information from maps (i.e., creating spatial layers that can be processed in a GIS) would support multiple applications and research fields. For example, there are numerous cases in which historical maps have been used to carry out research in land-cover change and biogeography [Kozak et al, 2007;Petit and Lambin, 2002], and urban-area development [Dietzel et al, 2005].Today, thousands of such maps and map series are available in scanned raster format (i.e., digital map images) in a variety of digital archives. Previous work on extracting cartographic information from raster maps typically requires intensive user intervention for training and parameter tuning, in particular, when processing historical maps of poor graphical quality [Gamba and Mecocci, 1999;Leyk and Boesch, 2010].…”

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confidence: 99%

Efficient and Robust Graphics Recognition from Historical Maps

Chiang

Leyk

Knoblock

2013

Graphics Recognition. New Trends and Challenges

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Abstract. Historical maps contain rich cartographic information, such as road networks, but this information is "locked" in images and inaccessible to a geographic information system (GIS). Manual map digitization requires intensive user effort and cannot handle a large number of maps. Previous approaches for automatic map processing generally require expert knowledge in order to fine-tune parameters of the applied graphics recognition techniques and thus are not readily usable for non-expert users. This paper presents an efficient and effective graphics recognition technique that employs interactive user intervention procedures for processing historical raster maps with limited graphical quality. The interactive procedures are performed on color-segmented preprocessing results and are based on straightforward user training processes, which minimize the required user effort for map digitization. This graphics recognition technique eliminates the need for expert users in digitizing map images and provides opportunities to derive unique data for spatiotemporal research by facilitating timeconsuming map digitization efforts. The described technique generated accurate road vector data from a historical map image and reduced the time for manual map digitization by 38%. Keywords:Color image segmentation, road vectorization, historical raster maps, image cleaning IntroductionMaps contain valuable cartographic information, such as locations of historical places, contour lines, building footprints, and hydrography. Extracting such cartographic information from maps (i.e., creating spatial layers that can be processed in a GIS) would support multiple applications and research fields. For example, there are numerous cases in which historical maps have been used to carry out research in land-cover change and biogeography [Kozak et al., 2007;Petit and Lambin, 2002], and urban-area development [Dietzel et al., 2005].Today, thousands of such maps and map series are available in scanned raster format (i.e., digital map images) in a variety of digital archives. Previous work on extracting cartographic information from raster maps typically requires intensive user intervention for training and parameter tuning, in particular, when processing historical maps of poor graphical quality [Gamba and Mecocci, 1999;Leyk and Boesch, 2010].

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Environmental change, hydromorphological reference conditions and the restoration of Polish Carpathian rivers

Wyżga‬‬

Zawiejska

Radecki‐Pawlik

et al. 2012

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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In the twentieth century Polish Carpathian rivers were considerably modified by channelization and gravel mining, with significant detrimental effects to their ecological integrity, vertical stability of the streambeds and flood hazard to downstream river reaches. Restoration of the rivers is thus necessary to improve their ecological status and re‐establish geomorphic dynamic equilibrium conditions. Various approaches to defining hydromorphological reference conditions, proposed to date in river restoration literature, have serious deficiencies. In particular, environmental changes that took place in the catchments of Carpathian rivers during the twentieth century invalidate the historical state of the rivers as reference for their restoration. This is illustrated by a change from bar‐braided to island‐braided channel pattern that occurred in the past century in unmanaged sections of the Czarny Dunajec in response to a reduction in flow and sediment dynamics of the river. We indicate that reference conditions should be defined as those which exist or would exist under present environmental conditions in the catchment but without human influence on the channel, riparian zone and floodplain of the river which is to be restored. This assumption was tested through the evaluation of hydromorphological river quality of the Czarny Dunajec according to the European Standard EN‐14614. The evaluation confirmed a high‐status hydromorphological quality in an unmanaged channel section, which can thus be used as a reference for restoration of impacted river sections. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

show abstract

Forest cover changes in the northern Carpathians in the 20th century: a slow transition

Cited by 112 publications

References 41 publications

Assessment of river hydromorphological quality for restoration purposes: an example of the application of RHQ method to a Polish Carpathian river

Assessment of river hydromorphological quality for restoration purposes: an example of the application of RHQ method to a Polish Carpathian river

Efficient and Robust Graphics Recognition from Historical Maps

Environmental change, hydromorphological reference conditions and the restoration of Polish Carpathian rivers

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