Forest Carbon Sinks in the Northern Hemisphere

Goodale, Christine L.; Apps, Michael J.; Birdsey, Richard A.; Field, Christopher B.; Heath, Linda S.; Houghton, Richard A.; Jenkins, Jennifer C.; Kohlmaier, G. H.; Kurz, Werner A.; Liu, Shirong; Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan; Nilsson, Sten; Shvidenko, А.

doi:10.2307/3060997

Cited by 175 publications

(231 citation statements)

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“…Forests represent significant carbon (C) sinks. For instance, Goodale et al (2002) showed that temperate and boreal forests in North America and Europe are important contributors to C sinks. Monsoon subtropical forests in East Asia also represent another important C sink, with a C uptake of 0.72 Pg C yr −1 , which is comparable to forests in North America and Europe .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carbon sequestration in China’s forests induced by atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition using the principles of ecological stoichiometry

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The worldwide development of industry and agriculture has generated noticeable increases in atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition, significantly altering the global N cycle. These changes might affect the global carbon (C) cycle by enhancing forest C sequestration. Here, we used a series of datasets from eight typical forests along the north-south transect of eastern China (NSTEC). These datasets contained information on community structure, C and N concentrations in the soil and the organs (leaf, branch, stem, and fine-root) of 877 plant species, and atmospheric wet N deposition. Using the biomass weighting method, we scaled up the C:N ratios from the organ level to the ecosystem level, and evaluated the C sequestration rate (CSR N ) in response to wet N deposition and N use efficiency (NUE) in China's forests based on the principles of ecological stoichiometry. Our results showed that atmospheric wet N deposition had a modest impact on forest C storage. Specifically, mean CSR N was estimated as 231 kg C ha −1 yr −1 (range: 32.7-507.1 kg C ha −1 yr −1 ), accounting for 2.1% of NPP and 4.6% of NEP at the ecosystem level. The NUE eco of atmospheric N deposition ranged from 9.6−27.7 kg C kg −1 N, and increased with increasing latitude from subtropical to cold-temperate forests in China (P < 0.05). This study provides a new approach for estimating the effect of atmospheric deposition on forest C sequestration based on the principles of ecological stoichiometry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of carbon sequestration in China’s forests induced by atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition using the principles of ecological stoichiometry

Zhu

Zhang

et al. 2017

Environ. Res. Lett.

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“…However, more recent evidence shows that these constant BEFs are always the average values for a specific tree species, which are sometimes inaccurate given that stand age, stand density and site quality can change the BEFs (Lehtonen et al 2004, Teobaldelli et al 2009, Correia et al 2010. Thus, applying constant BEFs values across all age classes and site conditions within a forest type underestimates the forest biomass of younger or less productive stands or overestimates the forest biomass of older and more productive stands (Fang et al 1998, Goodale et al 2002, Yu et al 2014. In this study, the threshold stand volume where BEFs equal the constant BEF were 59, 39, 20 and 153 m 3 for CF, HB, SB and MP forests, respectively.…”

Section: Comparison Of Biomass Estimates From Different Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, more recent studies have indicated that the BEF is not a constant value and varies with forest age, site class and stand density (Fang and Wang 2001, Lehtonen et al 2004, Teobaldelli et al 2009, Correia et al 2010, Yu et al 2014. Thus, applying constant BEFs across all age classes and site conditions within a given forest type underestimates the forest biomass of younger or less productive stands and overestimates the forest biomass of older or more productive stands (Fang et al 1998, Goodale et al 2002. To reduce the bias of constant BEFs, BEF equations have been developed that include stand variables as predictors (Teobaldelli et al 2009, Guo et al 2010, González-García et al 2013 each age and site class at regional or national scales, Fang et al (1998) and Fang and Wang (2001) derived a simple linear relationship between BEFs and stem volume using field inventory data across China.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inventory-based estimation of forest biomass in Shitai County, China: A comparison of five methods

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Several comparative studies have reported that there can be great discrepancies between different methods used to estimate forest biomass. With the development of carbon markets, an accurate estimation at the regional scale (i.e. county level) is becoming increasingly important for local government. In this study, we applied five methodologies [continuous biomass expansion factor (CBEF) approach, mean biomass density (MB) approach, mean biomass expansion factor (MBEF) approach, national continuous biomass expansion factors (NCBEF) proposed by Fang et al (2002), standard IPCC approach] to estimate the total biomass for Shitai County, China. The CBEF is generally considered to provide the most realistic estimates in term of regional biomass because CBEF reflects the change of BEF to stand density, stand age and site conditions. The forests of the whole county were divided into four forest types, namely Chinese fir plantations (CF), hardwood broadleaved forests (HB), softwood-broadleaved forests (SB) and mason pine forests (MP) according to the local forest management inventory of 2004. Generally, the MBEF approach overestimated forest biomass while the IPCC approach underestimated forest biomass for all forest types when CBEF derived biomass was used as a control. The MB approach provided the most similar biomass estimates for all forest types and could be an alternative approach when a CBEF equation is lacking in the study area. The total biomass derived from MBEF was highest at 1.44×10 7 t, followed by 1.32 ×10 7 t from CBEF, 1.31 ×10 7 t from NCBEF, 1.25 ×10 7 t from MB and 1.16 ×10 7 t from IPCC. Our results facilitate method selection for regional forest biomass estimation and provide statistical evidence for local government planning to enter the potential carbon market.

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“…Our understanding of possible forest carbon futures is hampered by our sparse observations of the recent carbon past. In the United States, the core tool used for national and international reporting of forest carbon fluxes (EPA 2016) has traditionally been the field measurements collected by the Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program (Goodale et al 2002, Woodbury et al 2007. Though FIA measurements are now recorded consistently, cover the contiguous US, and are statistically defensible, the goal of any such inventory program is an estimate of growing stock or volume for large areas (McRoberts et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical, integrated forest biomass monitoring system

Kennedy

Ohmann

Gregory

et al. 2018

Environ. Res. Lett.

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The fate of live forest biomass is largely controlled by growth and disturbance processes, both natural and anthropogenic. Thus, biomass monitoring strategies must characterize both the biomass of the forests at a given point in time and the dynamic processes that change it. Here, we describe and test an empirical monitoring system designed to meet those needs. Our system uses a mix of field data, statistical modeling, remotely-sensed time-series imagery, and small-footprint lidar data to build and evaluate maps of forest biomass. It ascribes biomass change to specific change agents, and attempts to capture the impact of uncertainty in methodology. We find that: • A common image framework for biomass estimation and for change detection allows for consistent comparison of both state and change processes controlling biomass dynamics. • Regional estimates of total biomass agree well with those from plot data alone.• The system tracks biomass densities up to 450-500 Mg ha −1 with little bias, but begins underestimating true biomass as densities increase further. • Scale considerations are important. Estimates at the 30 m grain size are noisy, but agreement at broad scales is good. Further investigation to determine the appropriate scales is underway. • Uncertainty from methodological choices is evident, but much smaller than uncertainty based on choice of allometric equation used to estimate biomass from tree data. • In this forest-dominated study area, growth and loss processes largely balance in most years, with loss processes dominated by human removal through harvest. In years with substantial fire activity, however, overall biomass loss greatly outpaces growth. Taken together, our methods represent a unique combination of elements foundational to an operational landscape-scale forest biomass monitoring program.

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Forest Carbon Sinks in the Northern Hemisphere

Cited by 175 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of carbon sequestration in China’s forests induced by atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition using the principles of ecological stoichiometry

Estimation of carbon sequestration in China’s forests induced by atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition using the principles of ecological stoichiometry

Inventory-based estimation of forest biomass in Shitai County, China: A comparison of five methods

An empirical, integrated forest biomass monitoring system

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