Forest birds in forest fragments: are fragmentation effects independent of season?

Nour, Nadia; Damme, Raoul Van; Matthysen, Erik; Dhondt, André A.

doi:10.1080/00063659909461140

Cited by 11 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Some authors (e.g. Nour et al ., 1999) have found that fragmentation effects are independent of season, though others have found the opposite pattern (e.g. Tellería & Santos, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of seasonality were statistically significant, both on the intercept and on the mean number of breeding species per park, which was lower outside the breeding season, especially during autumn. Conversely, studies that have focused on forest bird communities comprising up to 50% of parids and related species found a higher intercept (Tellería & Santos, 1997) or a higher mean number of species in winter rather than spring (Nour et al . 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One important influence that is not taken into account by the ETIB and the recent approaches to the determination of species–area relationships is the effect of seasonality on the distribution of animals. For example, investigations of the species–area relationship in relation to birds have concentrated on the breeding communities (see Nour et al , 1999). This approach ignores the interaction between size (and other patch attributes) and seasonal fluctuations in the bird population and the food resources, and the consequences these may have on the extinction, immigration and turnover rates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of seasonality on the species–area relationship: a case study with birds in urban parks

Murgui¹

2007

Global Ecology and Biogeography

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Aim To examine how parameters of the species-area curve and factors determining bird species richness are affected by seasonality.Location One hundred and thirty urban parks of the city of Valencia (Spain) ranging between 0.03 and 18.6 ha.Methods Bird censuses were conducted monthly during 1998 and 2004. For each park, 27 variables were recorded as measures of size, structure and isolation. Linear regression was used to test for patterns in species richness relative to independent variables. The results of each season were compared.Results Curves corresponding to the breeding period (spring-summer) had significantly higher intercepts, but slopes did not change across seasons. Turnover rates of resident species were dependent on patch size and isolation considering spring, but not autumn, from different years. Additionally, turnover rates in spring were lower in parks in close proximity to others than in isolated ones. In all seasons, the number of bird species showed a strong relationship with park area, which explained c. 60% of the variation in species numbers. Habitat variables and park isolation explained a small amount of the variation in species numbers. The data did not give support to the random placement hypothesis. Main conclusionsThe overall conclusions of this study give little support to the possible influence of seasonality on species-area relationship or on the three main hypotheses explaining it. This lack of influence of seasonality could be explained by the seasonal stability of the bird populations of the parks within the study area as a consequence of different factors, mainly the characteristics of the species pool, similarity in the features of the parks irrespective of their size, and stability of resources and conditions across seasons. The question of whether this lack of influence of seasonality on the species-area relationship occurs in those ecological systems that have a larger seasonal variation than the urban parks of the study area remains unresolved. Closer examination of the seasonal patterns reported in this study is likely to be useful in increasing our understanding of the species-area relationship.

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“…Some authors (e.g. Nour et al ., 1999) have found that fragmentation effects are independent of season, though others have found the opposite pattern (e.g. Tellería & Santos, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of seasonality on the species–area relationship: a case study with birds in urban parks

Murgui¹

2007

Global Ecology and Biogeography

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“…The effect on bird life of habitat fragmentation from farming and urbanization is now a central issue in conservation biology (Whitcomb et al 1981;Ambuel and Temple 1983;Robbins et al 1989;Saunders et al 1991;Hinsley et al 1996;Nour et al 1999). The affinities of breeding species for field, forest edge and forest habitats are now well established.…”

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confidence: 99%

Winter Bird Use of Urban and Rural Habitats in Ontario

Smith

2003

Can Field Nat

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This study examined variation in winter bird diversity, abundance, biomass and species and guild composition on plots in farmland, rural forests, mixed rural habitat, cities and three categories of urban natural areas in southern Ontario. Small (<20 g), insectivorous, upper canopy, bark foraging and forest species were more prevalent in rural mixed habitat, urban natural areas and especially rural forests. Larger (20-100 g), ground feeding and omnivorous birds typified cities and farms. Many bird species classified as forest, forest edge and field species during summer also favored these same habitats during winter. The 52 sample plots can be accurately classified into the seven habitat categories through discriminant analysis using the percentages of small species, insectivores, forest species and alien species. Urban natural areas, forests and mixed rural habitat showed the highest diversity while cities and farms showed the lowest diversity. Both bird abundance and biomass were highest in urban natural areas with open water and urban residential and commercial areas, whereas both were lowest in farmland.

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“…Therefore, it is possible that birds could not disperse to the other remnant forests that supply enough resources to habitat in the migratory season. Actually, studies which tried to detect seasonally different responses of forest birds in an openland-dominant landscape could not find a definite seasonal difference (Nour et al 1999;Murgui 2007; but see Keller and Yahner 2007). On the other hand, the fragmented forest we studied was surrounded by coniferous plantations which could facilitate bird dispersal (Lindenmayer et al 2002;Hartley 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Seasonal difference in the effects of fragmentation on seed dispersal by birds in Japanese temperate forests

Naoe

Sakai

Sawa

et al. 2010

Ecological Research

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Many studies have demonstrated that forest fragmentation reduces populations of animal species and causes local extinction, triggering many cascading effects. The effect of fragmentation on animals can be exerted through various processes, but such effects have been understudied. In this study, we posed the possibility of differences in the seasonal effects of fragmentation on frugivorous birds and their dispersal of seeds belonging to five tree species. We hypothesized that these effects may be caused by birds and their habitat selection for suitable breeding forests. We compared the abundance and species richness of frugivorous birds and the number of bird-removed fruits between a wellpreserved and a fragmented temperate forest for two consecutive years. The abundance of birds was lower in the fragmented compared to the well-preserved forest during the breeding season, although no clear differences in species richness were observed. In contrast, similar decreases in bird abundance were not observed during the migratory season. After controlling for variation in crop size, the number of bird-removed fruits was lower in the fragmented forest compared to the well-preserved forest during the breeding season, but there was no such tendency during the migratory season. These results indicate that evaluations regarding the effects of fragmentation on seed dispersal that do not consider seasonal factors may lead to erroneous conclusions. This study suggests that the effects of fragmentation can be exerted though various processes, many of which remain poorly studied and warrant further examination.

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Forest birds in forest fragments: are fragmentation effects independent of season?

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of seasonality on the species–area relationship: a case study with birds in urban parks

Effects of seasonality on the species–area relationship: a case study with birds in urban parks

Winter Bird Use of Urban and Rural Habitats in Ontario

Seasonal difference in the effects of fragmentation on seed dispersal by birds in Japanese temperate forests

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