Forest Biosecurity in Canada – An Integrated Multi-Agency Approach

Abstract

In Canada, forest biosecurity is primarily under federal jurisdiction as the federal government is the signatory to the International Plant Protection Convention and other international trade agreements. The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), which is Canada’s National Plant Protection Organization, has the mandate of analyzing risks, setting policy, and managing incursion responses related to forest biosecurity. Other federal government agencies play important roles; the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) enforces regulations at international ports of entry and the Canadian Forest Service of Natural Resources Canada conducts research and analysis in support of the development and implementation of phytosanitary regulations. The provinces and territories also manage invasive species through implementing regulations to prevent the spread of established forest pests. This paper outlines the regulatory framework for forest biosecurity within Canada, and provides case studies of species that have invaded Canadian forests or are anticipated to do so in the near future.

Scope of Onsite, Portable Prevention Diagnostic Strategies for Alternaria Infections in Medicinal Plants

“…For the identification of Alternaria, researchers have used a technique such as the electronic nose (E-nose) technique [175] due to it being a fast and nondestructive technique that imitates the human olfactory system [176]. Compared with other methods [177], it presents precise and stable performance, a simple sample pretreatment procedure, a short measurement time, low cost, and ease in handling [11].…”

Can morphological traits explain species‐specific differences in meta‐analyses? A case study of forest beetles

“…Thus, early detection of insect pest outbreaks is critical in facilitating successful outbreak management (Epanchin‐Niell et al, 2014). Early detection and monitoring in national plant protection schemes often involves the use of baited flight‐intercept traps (Allison et al, 2021; Poland & Rassati, 2018; Rabaglia et al, 2019). To evaluate the most effective design of these traps, a recent meta‐analysis compared bark and woodboring beetle capture rates between different trap design features, such as multiple‐funnel versus panel traps, surface lubrication treatment, wet versus dry collection cups, and trap color (Allison & Redak, 2017).…”

Comparison of intercept trap fluids and aerial spore collectors to survey fungal spores

“…Although the impacts of biological invasions are realized regionally, at least initially, their causes are primarily international (i.e., trade and transport pathways) and unintended (Westphal et al, 2008;Hulme, 2009). As a result, the emphasis of many national forest biosecurity programs is prevention (Allison et al, 2021). A large network of international and regional regulatory instruments has been developed to restrict the .…”

“…For invasive species with significant ecological and economic impacts, eradication from the invaded range often provides a significant economic return on management efforts (Sharov and Liebhold, 1998;Myers et al, 2000;Liebhold and Tobin, 2008). Although eradication can be difficult to achieve, several examples of successful eradication programs exist, including against forest pests [e.g., Asian longhorned beetle (CFIA, 2020;Allison et al, 2021)].…”

“…Secondarily, we tested the effect of site type (rural, urban) on abundance and the number of fungal species detected. We did not process the insects captured in the field trials because the use of intercept traps to survey forest insects is ubiquitous (Rabaglia et al, 2019;Allison et al, 2021) and further empirical work to promote their use in forest ecosystems is not needed.…”