Forest biomass supply chain optimization for a biorefinery aiming to produce high-value bio-based materials and chemicals from lignin and forestry residues: a review of literature

Dessbesell, Luana; Xu, Chunbao; Pulkki, Reino; Leitch, Mathew; Mahmood, Nubla

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2016-0336

Cited by 50 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…14 For the large-scale commercial valorization of lignin, it is critically important to develop lignin-based supply and value chains. 15 To this end, initiatives have been undertaken worldwide in many countries, among which the most prominent one could be the Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking, a public-private partnership between the European Union and the Bio-based Industries Consortium. 16 With the collaboration between pulp and paper companies, government, research institutions, and lignin product potential off-takers through this Consortium, several ligninbased value chains are expected to be developed.…”

Section: Towards Lignin Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin valorization beyond energy use: has lignin's time finally come?

Dessbesell

Zhang

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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According to an old proverb, ‘you can make anything out of lignin, except money’. The complexity of lignin's structure and many inferior characteristics of lignin, such as its insolubility in organic solvent and poor reactivity related to it large molecular weight, have posed significant challenges to lignin valorization. Driven mainly by the commercial availability of large amounts of kraft lignin and hydrolysis lignin in kraft pulp mills and cellulosic ethanol plants, there is a pressing need to valorize lignin for high‐value chemical and material products for better overall profitability for the plants, and for the emerging bioeconomy. To this end, we have developed, over 10 years and in several publications, an engineering approach to lignin valorization. This perspective paper provides an overview of this process and concretizes the research achieved in support of lignin valorization. In the method presented, lignin is first de‐polymerized into de‐polymerized lignin (DL) at a high yield and with a tunable Mw (weight average molecular weight). The DL is then utilized as a mixture (no separation needed) to substitute directly petroleum‐based phenol (up to 75% substitution), polyols (up to 50% substitution), and bis‐phenol A (100 substitution) in preparation of bio‐based phenolic resins, polyurethane foams, and epoxy resins. The DL products were also used to replace petroleum‐based antioxidants resulting in enhanced thermo‐oxidative and thermal stability of polyethylene in the synthesis of bio‐based resins / plastic composites. This approach has demonstrated both technical and economic feasibility, generating a payback period of approximately 3 years for a commercial capacity of 40 000 t/y. Thus, Lignin valorization beyond energy use can be profitable, and the old proverb may prove wrong. Lignin's time might have finally come! © 2020 Society of Industrial Chemistry and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Section: Towards Lignin Valorizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin valorization beyond energy use: has lignin's time finally come?

Dessbesell

Zhang

et al. 2020

Biofuels Bioprod Bioref

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“…In the literature there are numerous reports concerning biomass of various origins that is produced for energy (i.e. "energy biomass") (Aniszewska et al 2018), its parameters, chemical composition, processing (Väisänen 2016), including processing into improved solid fuels (Gendek et al 2018b), and supply chain optimization (Dessbesell et al 2016). Miranda et al (2009) has determined the chemical composition and gross calorific value of pellets made of residues from Pyrenean oak.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest residues as a renewable source of energy: Elemental composition and physical properties

Nurek

Gendek

Roman

2018

BioRes

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Forest residues are a potentially important source of renewable energy. They are generated as a byproduct of timber harvesting around the world. To optimize the utilization of such biomass, one must know its physical and chemical properties. This paper presents an analysis of comminuted forest residues from Pinus sylvestris L. They were classified into four size fractions for which three density parameters were established pursuant to relevant standards. The mean bulk density of the fractions amounted to 110 to 190 kg/m3, apparent density 725 to 908 kg/m3, and specific density 1111 to 1350 kg/m3. The findings were compared to the results of previous research on other forms of forest biomass. The measured apparent-to-specific density conversion coefficient was β = 0.64. The elementary composition of forest residues measured in this work differed from that of other biomass types described in literature. In terms of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, and ash content, statistical analysis showed that the two compared types of biomass (forest residues and energy wood chips) formed two separate homogeneous groups, while both of these materials constituted one homogeneous group in the case of hydrogen content. The calorific value of the forest residues was 15.78 ± 0.39 MJ/kg.

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“…Consequently, lignin chemical structures are highly oxygenated and have several aromatic units, so by definition lignin can act as an antioxidant and photo-stabilizers [67,68]. Figure (8) shows the chemical structure of monomer moieties to form lignin as they have aromatic ring and highly oxygenated [69].…”

Section: Lignin As a Thermal-stabilizer Or Antioxidant Of Plastic Polymersmentioning

confidence: 99%

The usage of lignin in two significant applications: As adsorbent surface of water pollutants and antioxidant of plastic polymers: short review

Fadhil¹,

Zageer²,

Faris³

et al. 2021

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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Since pollution is very serious problem threating the environmental eco-system around the world, but people do not usually treat this issue properly. Water is contaminated with different type of pollutants such as organic, inorganic, heavy metals, pesticides, dyes, phenols, and many other pollutants. Using adsorption phenomenon is very practical, easy and common method to remove pollutants from water. Owing to the significant properties of lignin such as high surface area, porosity, availability in huge amount, it was chosen to be used as an adsorbent surface of various pollutants. Herein it is going to review some of important literatures regarding that. Another serious problem that is threatening the marine eco-system, human health, and influence the global warming is the huge consumption of plastic polymers every year. Thus, reducing the consumption of plastic polymers is significantly matter. Lignin chemical structures are highly oxygenated and have several aromatic units, so by definition lignin can act as an antioxidant, free radical scavenger and photo-stabilizers. As the chemical structure of monomer moieties to form lignin are highly aromatic so it is suitable to work as UV- blocker to stop the photo-degradation of plastic.

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Forest biomass supply chain optimization for a biorefinery aiming to produce high-value bio-based materials and chemicals from lignin and forestry residues: a review of literature

Cited by 50 publications

References 92 publications

Lignin valorization beyond energy use: has lignin's time finally come?

Lignin valorization beyond energy use: has lignin's time finally come?

Forest residues as a renewable source of energy: Elemental composition and physical properties

The usage of lignin in two significant applications: As adsorbent surface of water pollutants and antioxidant of plastic polymers: short review

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