Forest and shrubland canopy carbon uptake in relation to foliage nitrogen concentration and leaf area index: a modelling analysis

Whitehead, David; Walcroft, Adrian S.

doi:10.1051/forest:2005045

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Newly applied drip irrigation would now allow a higher stand density [15,28]. The variation in biometric parameters between trees was large for several reasons including: (1) age differences (some young trees were replaced), (2) pruning treatment (major branches have been removed from crown centers to improve canopy illumination and from two directions at crown edges to make free space for pipe lines) and (3) tree health (there were several rotten or severed branches with consequent variation in total and live stem circumference).…”

Section: Stand Biometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrométrie et distribution de la surface foliaire dans une vieille oliveraie près d’Andria, dans le sud de l’Italie

et al. 2007

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-The objectives of this paper were (1) to provide general biometry data for an 80-year-old olive (Olea europea L., cv. Coratina) grove in Andria, southern Italy, and (2) to compare different methods for estimating leaf area distributions. Stand biometry was represented by a stocking density of 132 trees ha −1 , mean spacing of 8.7 m and mean social area (proportional to spacing and tree size) of about 76 m 2 per tree. Trunk total circumference averaged 110 cm and after subtraction of missing or dead parts of stems averaged 81 cm, projected area of crowns averaged 17.7 m 2 and the mean tree height was 4.9 m. Leaf distribution was evaluated using calibrated ground-based side photographs through image analysis and through using a simple canopy-layer model (considering hollow volume within tree crowns) and double-Gaussian curves. The mean leaf size was about 5 cm 2 (distributed in a log-normal manner over the range of 2 to 12 cm 2 ). Considering whole tree crowns, the mean leaf density was about 2.6 m 2 m −3 ; the maximum leaf area occurred in canopy layers between 1.5 to 3 m, tailing with a steeper slope to the crown base and a less steep slope to the tree-top. The foliated volume of olive crowns (mean 33.2 m 3 ) contained on average 145 thousand leaves of the total area of 72.6 m 2 . The corresponding leaf area index on the stand level (LAI grove = 0.96), was rather low due to low stocking density. However when taking into account only the projected crown areas (and avoiding free space between trees), the mean LAI reached about 3.5 (range from 1-7). The radial pattern of leaf distribution derived from image analysis indicated peak LAI rad values at a distance from the stem of about 60 to 70% of crown radius in trees of different size. The applicability of different approaches to the estimation of the necessary allometric parameters is discussed.contour side photography / image analysis / geometrical modeling / vertical and radial leaf distribution / stem damage / crown form / biometry Résumé -Dendrométrie et distribution de la surface foliaire dans une vieille oliveraie près d'Andria, dans le sud de l'Italie. L'objectif de ce travail a été d'obtenir des données biométriques générales pour une vieille oliveraie de 80 ans (Olea europea L., cv. Coratina) installée près d'Andria, dans le sud de l'Italie, et de comparer différentes méthodes d'estimation de la surface foliaire. L'oliveraie comportait 132 arbres à l'hectare avec un espacement moyen de 8,7 m et une surface sociale moyenne (proportionnelle à l'espacement et à la taille des arbres) d'environ 76 m 2 par arbre. La circonférence des arbres atteignait en moyenne 110 cm et, après soustraction des disparus ou des parties mortes des troncs, elle atteignait en moyenne 81 cm. La surface projetée des couronnes atteignait en moyenne 17,7 m 2 et la hauteur moyenne des arbres était de 4,9 m. La distribution des feuilles a été évaluée en utilisant (i) un système de photographies à partir du sol suivies d'une analyse d'images, et (ii) un modèle simple de stratifi...

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Section: Stand Biometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendrométrie et distribution de la surface foliaire dans une vieille oliveraie près d’Andria, dans le sud de l’Italie

et al. 2007

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“…The exclusion effect on ecosystem C stocks was quantified as ([exclusion C stock − control C stock]/[exclusion C stock]) following Wardle et al (2001), where negative values indicate that a C stock is higher outside of the exclosure. We included ungulate and possum abundance (Bellingham et al, 2020), representing common biotic interactions within these forests and key known environmental factors affecting productivity including mean annual temperature, water deficit, basal area, functional diversity, and soil fertility (Coomes et al, 2005; Holdaway et al, 2017; Mason et al, 2010; Richardson et al, 2004; Whitehead et al, 2001). Data were derived from either fecal pellet counts (see Appendix S2: Section S1.3), interpolated climate layers ( NZEnvDS ; McCarthy et al, 2021b), or plot‐level observations (from exclosure sites following Mason et al (2010)) and are available online (uploaded here: https://datastore.landcareresearch.co.nz/dataset/ungulate-removal-and-forest-carbon-stocks; Richardson et al, 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term exclusion of invasive ungulates alters tree recruitment and functional traits but not total forest carbon

Allen

Bellingham

Richardson

et al. 2023

Ecological Applications

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Forests are major carbon (C) sinks, but their ability to sequester C and thus mitigate climate change, varies with the environment, disturbance regime, and biotic interactions. Herbivory by invasive, nonnative ungulates can have profound ecosystem effects, yet its consequences for forest C stocks remain poorly understood. We determined the impact of invasive ungulates on C pools, both above-and belowground (to 30 cm), and on forest structure and diversity using 26 paired long-term (>20 years) ungulate exclosures and adjacent unfenced control plots located in native temperate rainforests across New Zealand, spanning 36-41 S. Total ecosystem C was similar between ungulate exclosure (299.93 ± 25.94 Mg C ha −1 ) and unfenced control (324.60 ± 38.39 Mg C ha −1 ) plots. Most (60%) variation in total ecosystem C was explained by the biomass of the largest tree (mean diameter at breast height [dbh]: 88 cm) within each plot.Ungulate exclusion increased the abundance and diversity of saplings and small trees (dbh ≥2.5, <10 cm) compared with unfenced controls, but these accounted for ~5% of total ecosystem C, demonstrating that a few, large trees dominate the total forest ecosystem C but are unaffected by invasive ungulates at a timescale of 20-50 years. However, changes in understory C pools, species composition, and functional diversity did occur following long-term ungulate exclusion. Our findings suggest that, although the removal of invasive herbivores may not affect total forest C at the decadal scale, major shifts in the diversity and composition of regenerating species will have longer term consequences for ecosystem processes and forest C. K E Y W O R D S biological invasion, carbon cycle, climate change mitigation, exclosure treatment, forest ecosystem processes, functional dispersion, large herbivore effects in forests, long-term permanent plot network, nonnative species' impacts, plant population responses

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“…Some parameter estimates were based on the earlier modelling work of Whitehead et al (2004) and Whitehead and Walcroft (2005) and the observations of Burrows et al 1 and Burrows 2 . Other specific information on stand allometric properties was sourced from Scott et al (2000) and leaf nitrogen concentrations from Ross et al (2009) .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trade-offs between environmental and economic factors in conversion from exotic pine production to natural regeneration on erosion prone land

Lambie

Awatere

Daigneault

et al. 2021

NZJFS

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Background: Some of New Zealand’s exotic pine (Pinus radiata D.Don) forests were planted for erosion mitigation but cultural, legislative, environmental, and profitability limitations in some parts of the landscape have led to reassessment of their suitability. There is limited information to support landowner decisions on the viability of natural regeneration of native forest post-pine-harvest. Methods: We evaluated scenarios of post-harvest natural regeneration, compared to remaining in pine production, using erosion susceptibility determined from historical occurrence of landslides, gullies and earthflows, biophysical growth modelling of mānuka–kānuka (Leptospermum scoparium-Kunzea ericoides (A.Rich) Joy Thomps.) shrubland using the process-based CenW model, and cost-benefit analyses using NZFARM with two land use change scenarios, at two levels of erosion mitigation ± honey profits. Results: In our study area, the Gisborne Region (North Island of New Zealand), ~27% of the land has moderate–very high susceptibility to landslides, 14–22% a high probability of contributing material to waterways, and 19% moderate–very high gully erosion susceptibility. Pines grow 10 times faster than naturally regenerating mānuka–kānuka shrubland, but mānuka–kānuka is used for honey not wood production. Natural regeneration resulted in losses of $150–250 ha-1 yr-1 compared to the current profitability of pine production. Honey production offset some reduction in pine revenue, but not fully. Thus, the viability of shifting from pines to native forest is highly dependent on landowner impetus and value for non-market ecosystem services (such as cultural and biodiversity values) provided by native forest. Conclusions: A mosaic of land uses within a property may sufficiently offset income losses with other benefits, whereby highly erosion-prone land is shifted from rotational pine forest production to permanent native forest cover with honey production where possible. At the regional scale in Gisborne, the conversion of the most highly susceptible land under production forestry (315–556 ha) to natural regeneration has the potential for wider benefits for soil conservation reducing erosion by 1–2.5 t yr–1 of sediment facilitating achievement of cleaner water aspirations and habitat provision.

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Forest and shrubland canopy carbon uptake in relation to foliage nitrogen concentration and leaf area index: a modelling analysis

Cited by 13 publications

References 57 publications

Dendrométrie et distribution de la surface foliaire dans une vieille oliveraie près d’Andria, dans le sud de l’Italie

Dendrométrie et distribution de la surface foliaire dans une vieille oliveraie près d’Andria, dans le sud de l’Italie

Long‐term exclusion of invasive ungulates alters tree recruitment and functional traits but not total forest carbon

Trade-offs between environmental and economic factors in conversion from exotic pine production to natural regeneration on erosion prone land

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